hieroglyph Who acts: little drawings, birds, Writing, Ancient Egyptians, Rosetta Stone, scholars · What happens: use, stand, draw, be, read, write · To what, where: picture, ancient Egypt, scholars, hieroglyphs, names, walls
«hieroglyph» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hieroglyph in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A picture or symbol used for writing, especially in ancient Egypt, where little drawings of birds, eyes and other things stood for sounds or words.
The tree, 25 words det cc conj acl case obl punct advmod case amod obl punct advmod amod nsubj case nmod punct conj cc amod conj acl:relcl case obl cc conj punct root A DET picture NOUN or CCONJ symbol NOUN used VERB for ADP writing NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP ancient ADJ Egypt PROPN , PUNCT where ADV little ADJ drawings NOUN of ADP birds NOUN , PUNCT eyes NOUN and CCONJ other ADJ things NOUN stood VERB for ADP sounds NOUN or CCONJ words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 picture det 2 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 symbol cc 4 symbol symbol NOUN Number=Sing 2 picture conj 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 picture acl 6 for for ADP _ 7 writing case 7 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 5 used obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 Egypt punct 9 especially especially ADV _ 12 Egypt advmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 Egypt case 11 ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 12 Egypt amod 12 Egypt Egypt PROPN Number=Sing 5 used obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 24 stood punct 14 where where ADV PronType=Rel 24 stood advmod 15 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 16 drawings amod 16 drawings drawing NOUN Number=Plur 24 stood nsubj 17 of of ADP _ 18 birds case 18 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 16 drawings nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 eyes punct 20 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 18 birds conj 21 and and CCONJ _ 23 things cc 22 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 23 things amod 23 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 18 birds conj 24 stood stand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 Egypt acl:relcl 25 for for ADP _ 26 sounds case 26 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 24 stood obl 27 or or CCONJ _ 28 words cc 28 words word NOUN Number=Plur 26 sounds conj 29 . . PUNCT _ 2 picture punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle a picture or symbol not said here ancient Egypt for writing vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 stand past little drawings of birds and eyes and other things for sounds or words vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for sound=Attribute 3 draw birds and eyes and other things nom drawing «communication intransitive»: of=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Writing that is very hard to read.
nsubj cop advmod acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root Writing NOUN that PRON is AUX very ADV hard ADJ to PART read VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Writing writing NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 hard nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 hard cop 4 very very ADV _ 5 hard advmod 5 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Writing acl:relcl 6 to to PART _ 7 read mark 7 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 hard xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Writing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Writing hard property tree rules 2 read to-infinitive Writing not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Ancient Egyptians wrote with hieroglyphs.
amod nsubj case obl punct root Ancient ADJ Egyptians PROPN wrote VERB with ADP hieroglyphs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ancient ancient ADJ Degree=Pos 2 Egyptians amod 2 Egyptians Egyptian PROPN Number=Plur 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 with with ADP _ 5 hieroglyphs case 5 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NOUN Number=Plur 3 wrote obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past Ancient Egyptians with hieroglyphs vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 The Rosetta Stone helped scholars read hieroglyphs.
det compound nsubj obj xcomp obj punct root The DET Rosetta PROPN Stone PROPN helped VERB scholars NOUN read VERB hieroglyphs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Stone det 2 Rosetta Rosetta PROPN Number=Sing 3 Stone compound 3 Stone Stone PROPN Number=Sing 4 helped nsubj 4 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 scholars scholar NOUN Number=Plur 4 helped obj 6 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 helped xcomp 7 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NOUN Number=Plur 6 read obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past the Rosetta Stone scholars vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent scholar=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 read infinitive scholars not said here hieroglyphs vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hieroglyph=Topic
Example 3 Each hieroglyph can stand for a sound or an idea.
det nsubj aux case det obl cc det conj punct root Each DET hieroglyph NOUN can AUX stand VERB for ADP a DET sound NOUN or CCONJ an DET idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 hieroglyph det 2 hieroglyph hieroglyph NOUN Number=Sing 4 stand nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 stand aux 4 stand stand VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 for for ADP _ 7 sound case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sound det 7 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 4 stand obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 idea cc 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 idea det 10 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 7 sound conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 stand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand can each hieroglyph for a sound or a idea vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for sound=Attribute
Example 4 We wrote our names in hieroglyphs on paper scrolls.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl case compound nmod punct root We PRON wrote VERB our PRON names NOUN in ADP hieroglyphs NOUN on ADP paper NOUN scrolls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 wrote nsubj 2 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 names nmod:poss 4 names name NOUN Number=Plur 2 wrote obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 hieroglyphs case 6 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NOUN Number=Plur 2 wrote obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 scrolls case 8 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 9 scrolls compound 9 scrolls scroll NOUN Number=Plur 6 hieroglyphs nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past We our names hieroglyphs on paper scrolls vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in hieroglyph=Destination 2 name our nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Hieroglyphs were carved on the walls of tombs.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case nmod punct root Hieroglyphs NOUN were AUX carved VERB on ADP the DET walls NOUN of ADP tombs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hieroglyphs hieroglyph NOUN Number=Plur 3 carved nsubj:pass 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 carved aux:pass 3 carved carve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 walls case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 walls det 6 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 3 carved obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 tombs case 8 tombs tomb NOUN Number=Plur 6 walls nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 carved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carve past · passive Hieroglyphs the walls of tombs vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on wall=Destination
Example 6 My brother's handwriting looks like hieroglyphs!
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj case obl punct root My PRON brother NOUN 's PART handwriting NOUN looks VERB like ADP hieroglyphs NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 brother nmod:poss 2 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 4 handwriting nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 brother case 4 handwriting handwriting NOUN Number=Sing 5 looks nsubj 5 looks look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 like like ADP _ 7 hieroglyphs case 7 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NOUN Number=Plur 5 looks obl 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 looks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look present My brother's handwriting like hieroglyphs vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 2 handwrite My brother nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The first of the stories actually written down, were written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, or on Babylonian cakes of clay, three or four thousand years before our time.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj:pass case det nmod advmod acl compound:prt punct aux:pass case amod obl punct cc case compound conj case nmod punct compound cc conj nummod nmod case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET first NOUN of ADP the DET stories NOUN actually ADV written VERB down ADP , PUNCT were AUX written VERB in ADP Egyptian ADJ hieroglyphs NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ on ADP Babylonian PROPN cakes NOUN of ADP clay NOUN , PUNCT three NUM or CCONJ four NUM thousand NUM years NOUN before ADP our PRON time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 first det 2 first first NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 11 written nsubj:pass 3 of of ADP _ 5 stories case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stories det 5 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 2 first nmod 6 actually actually ADV _ 7 written advmod 7 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 stories acl 8 down down ADP _ 7 written compound:prt 9 , , PUNCT _ 2 first punct 10 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 written aux:pass 11 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 12 in in ADP _ 14 hieroglyphs case 13 Egyptian Egyptian ADJ Degree=Pos 14 hieroglyphs amod 14 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NOUN Number=Plur 11 written obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 cakes punct 16 or or CCONJ _ 19 cakes cc 17 on on ADP _ 19 cakes case 18 Babylonian Babylonian PROPN Number=Sing 19 cakes compound 19 cakes cake NOUN Number=Plur 14 hieroglyphs conj 20 of of ADP _ 21 clay case 21 clay clay NOUN Number=Sing 19 cakes nmod 22 , , PUNCT _ 23 three punct 23 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 26 thousand compound 24 or or CCONJ _ 25 four cc 25 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 23 three conj 26 thousand thousand NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 27 years nummod 27 years year NOUN Number=Plur 19 cakes nmod 28 before before ADP _ 30 time case 29 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 30 time nmod:poss 30 time time NOUN Number=Sing 11 written obl 31 . . PUNCT _ 11 written punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write down participle the stories not said here actually property vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 write past · passive the first of the stories Egyptian hieroglyphs or Babylonian cakes of clay thousand years time vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in hieroglyph=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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