hobby Who acts: you, hobby horse, children, hobby, hobbies, She · What happens: enjoy, do, collect, garden, be, make · To what, where: Something, toy horse, that, stamps, lake, painting
«hobby» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hobby in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something you enjoy doing in your free time, not as a job, such as drawing, football, collecting or gardening.
The tree, 19 words obl nsubj xcomp case nmod:poss amod obl punct advmod case det obl punct case fixed conj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root Something PRON you PRON enjoy VERB doing VERB in ADP your PRON free ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT not PART as ADP a DET job NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP drawing NOUN , PUNCT football NOUN , PUNCT collecting VERB or CCONJ gardening VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 enjoy obl 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 enjoy nsubj 3 enjoy enjoy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 enjoy xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 8 time case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 time nmod:poss 7 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 8 time amod 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 doing obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 job punct 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 job advmod 11 as as ADP _ 13 job case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 job det 13 job job NOUN Number=Sing 4 doing obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 drawing punct 15 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 drawing case 16 as as ADP _ 15 such fixed 17 drawing drawing NOUN Number=Sing 13 job conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 football punct 19 football football NOUN Number=Sing 17 drawing conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 collecting punct 21 collecting collect VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 doing conj 22 or or CCONJ _ 23 gardening cc 23 gardening garden VERB VerbForm=Ger 21 collecting conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 3 enjoy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 enjoy present you Something vn admire-31.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 do gerund you not said here time as a job and drawing and football vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 collect gerund you not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 garden gerund you not said here tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A hobby-horse is a toy horse, made of a stick with a horse's head, that children pretend to ride.
The tree, 21 words det compound punct nsubj cop det compound punct acl case det obl case det nmod:poss case nmod punct obj nsubj parataxis mark xcomp punct root A DET hobby NOUN - PUNCT horse NOUN is AUX a DET toy NOUN horse NOUN , PUNCT made VERB of ADP a DET stick NOUN with ADP a DET horse NOUN 's PART head NOUN , PUNCT that PRON children NOUN pretend VERB to PART ride VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 horse det 2 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing 4 horse compound 3 - - PUNCT _ 2 hobby punct 4 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 8 horse nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 horse cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 horse det 7 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 8 horse compound 8 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 made punct 10 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 horse acl 11 of of ADP _ 13 stick case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 stick det 13 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 10 made obl 14 with with ADP _ 18 head case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 horse det 16 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 18 head nmod:poss 17 's 's PART _ 16 horse case 18 head head NOUN Number=Sing 13 stick nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 pretend punct 20 that that PRON PronType=Rel 22 pretend obj 21 children child NOUN Number=Plur 22 pretend nsubj 22 pretend pretend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 horse parataxis 23 to to PART _ 24 ride mark 24 ride ride VERB VerbForm=Inf 22 pretend xcomp 25 . . PUNCT _ 8 horse punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hobby horse a toy horse tree rules 2 make participle a toy horse not said here of a stick with a horse's head vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 pretend present children that tree rules 4 ride to-infinitive children not said here vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 My hobby is collecting stamps.
nmod:poss nsubj aux obj punct root My PRON hobby NOUN is AUX collecting VERB stamps NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 hobby nmod:poss 2 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing 4 collecting nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 collecting aux 4 collecting collect VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 stamps stamp NOUN Number=Plur 4 collecting obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 collecting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 collect present · progressive My hobby stamps vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stamp=Theme
Example 2 Dad's hobby is fishing at the lake.
nmod:poss case nsubj aux case det obl punct root Dad NOUN 's PART hobby NOUN is AUX fishing VERB at ADP the DET lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 hobby nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Dad case 3 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing 5 fishing nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fishing aux 5 fishing fish VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 lake case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lake det 8 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 5 fishing obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 fishing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fish present · progressive Dad's hobby the lake vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent at lake=Location
Example 3 What are your hobbies?
cop nmod:poss nsubj punct root What PRON are AUX your PRON hobbies NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 hobbies nmod:poss 4 hobbies hobby NOUN Number=Plur 1 What nsubj 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present your hobbies tree rules
Example 4 She took up painting as a new hobby.
nsubj compound:prt obj case det amod obl punct root She PRON took VERB up ADP painting NOUN as ADP a DET new ADJ hobby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 took compound:prt 4 painting painting NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obj 5 as as ADP _ 8 hobby case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 hobby det 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 hobby amod 8 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take up past She painting as a new hobby vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent painting=Theme as hobby=Attribute
Example 5 Building models is a fun hobby for rainy days.
compound nsubj cop det amod case amod nmod punct root Building NOUN models NOUN is AUX a DET fun ADJ hobby NOUN for ADP rainy ADJ days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Building building NOUN Number=Sing 2 models compound 2 models model NOUN Number=Plur 6 hobby nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hobby cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hobby det 5 fun fun ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hobby amod 6 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 days case 8 rainy rainy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 days amod 9 days day NOUN Number=Plur 6 hobby nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 hobby punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Building models a fun hobby day tree rules
Example 6 Grandpa plays the violin as a hobby.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Grandpa NOUN plays VERB the DET violin NOUN as ADP a DET hobby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa grandpa NOUN Number=Sing 2 plays nsubj 2 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 violin det 4 violin violin NOUN Number=Sing 2 plays obj 5 as as ADP _ 7 hobby case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hobby det 7 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing 2 plays obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 plays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play present Grandpa the violin as a hobby vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent violin=Theme
Example 7 A hobby can help you relax after school.
det nsubj aux obj xcomp case obl punct root A DET hobby NOUN can AUX help VERB you PRON relax VERB after ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hobby det 2 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing 4 help nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 help aux 4 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 help obj 6 relax relax VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 help xcomp 7 after after ADP _ 8 school case 8 school school NOUN Number=Sing 6 relax obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help can a hobby you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 2 relax infinitive you not said here after school vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 8 The sweet children rode on their hobby-horses through all the rooms when they came to see the grandparents.
The tree, 19 words det amod nsubj case nmod:poss compound punct obl case det:predet det obl advmod nsubj advcl mark advcl det obj punct root The DET sweet ADJ children NOUN rode VERB on ADP their PRON hobby NOUN - PUNCT horses NOUN through ADP all DET the DET rooms NOUN when ADV they PRON came VERB to PART see VERB the DET grandparents NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 children det 2 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 3 children amod 3 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 rode nsubj 4 rode rode VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 9 horses case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 horses nmod:poss 7 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing 9 horses compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 hobby punct 9 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 4 rode obl 10 through through ADP _ 13 rooms case 11 all all DET PronType=Tot 13 rooms det:predet 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 rooms det 13 rooms room NOUN Number=Plur 4 rode obl 14 when when ADV PronType=Int 16 came advmod 15 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 came nsubj 16 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 rode advcl 17 to to PART _ 18 see mark 18 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 came advcl 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 grandparents det 20 grandparents grandparent NOUN Number=Plur 18 see obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 rode punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rode present the sweet children all rooms on children's hobby horses tree rules 2 come past children = child vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 see to-infinitive children = child not said here the grandparents vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer grandparent=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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