holly Who acts: We, Holly leaves, Birds, leaves, sprig, They · What happens: use, decorate, be, eat, sing, pick · To what, where: branches, homes, Christmas, front door, red holly berries, carol
«holly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: holly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An evergreen bush or tree with shiny, prickly dark green leaves and bright red berries in winter.
The tree, 17 words det amod cc conj case amod punct amod amod amod nmod cc amod amod conj case nmod punct root An DET evergreen ADJ bush NOUN or CCONJ tree NOUN with ADP shiny ADJ , PUNCT prickly ADJ dark ADJ green ADJ leaves NOUN and CCONJ bright ADJ red ADJ berries NOUN in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bush det 2 evergreen evergreen ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bush amod 3 bush bush NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 tree cc 5 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 3 bush conj 6 with with ADP _ 12 leaves case 7 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 12 leaves amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 shiny punct 9 prickly prickly ADJ Degree=Pos 12 leaves amod 10 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 12 leaves amod 11 green green ADJ Degree=Pos 12 leaves amod 12 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 bush nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 berries cc 14 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 16 berries amod 15 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 16 berries amod 16 berries berry NOUN Number=Plur 12 leaves conj 17 in in ADP _ 18 winter case 18 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 16 berries nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 bush punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2 Its branches used to decorate homes and churches at Christmas.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass mark xcomp obj cc conj case obl punct root Its PRON branches NOUN used VERB to PART decorate VERB homes NOUN and CCONJ churches NOUN at ADP Christmas PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 branches nmod:poss 2 branches branch NOUN Number=Plur 3 used nsubj:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to PART _ 5 decorate mark 5 decorate decorate VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used xcomp 6 homes home NOUN Number=Plur 5 decorate obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 churches cc 8 churches church NOUN Number=Plur 6 homes conj 9 at at ADP _ 10 Christmas case 10 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 5 decorate obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle · passive Its branches vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 decorate to-infinitive homes and churches Christmas vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Destination
Example 1 We decorated the front door with a holly wreath.
nsubj det amod obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON decorated VERB the DET front ADJ door NOUN with ADP a DET holly NOUN wreath NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 decorated nsubj 2 decorated decorate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 door det 4 front front ADJ Degree=Pos 5 door amod 5 door door NOUN Number=Sing 2 decorated obj 6 with with ADP _ 9 wreath case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 wreath det 8 holly holly NOUN Number=Sing 9 wreath compound 9 wreath wreath NOUN Number=Sing 2 decorated obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 decorated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decorate past We the front door with a holly wreath vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent door=Destination with wreath=Theme
Example 2 Holly leaves are shiny and prickly.
compound nsubj cop cc conj punct root Holly PROPN leaves NOUN are AUX shiny ADJ and CCONJ prickly ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Holly Holly PROPN Number=Sing 2 leaves compound 2 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 4 shiny nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 shiny cop 4 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 prickly cc 6 prickly prickly ADJ Degree=Pos 4 shiny conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 shiny punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Holly leaves shiny property tree rules 2 be Holly leaves not said here tree rules
Example 3 Birds eat the red holly berries in winter.
nsubj det amod compound obj case obl punct root Birds NOUN eat VERB the DET red ADJ holly NOUN berries NOUN in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 berries det 4 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 6 berries amod 5 holly holly NOUN Number=Sing 6 berries compound 6 berries berry NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 winter case 8 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Birds the red holly berries winter vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent berry=Patient
Example 4 The carol «The Holly and the Ivy» is sung at Christmas.
det nsubj:pass punct det appos cc det conj punct aux:pass case obl punct root The DET carol NOUN « PUNCT The DET Holly PROPN and CCONJ the DET Ivy PROPN » PUNCT is AUX sung VERB at ADP Christmas PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 carol det 2 carol carol NOUN Number=Sing 11 sung nsubj:pass 3 « « PUNCT _ 5 Holly punct 4 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Holly det 5 Holly Holly PROPN Number=Sing 2 carol appos 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 Ivy cc 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Ivy det 8 Ivy Ivy PROPN Number=Sing 5 Holly conj 9 » » PUNCT _ 5 Holly punct 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 sung aux:pass 11 sung sing VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 12 at at ADP _ 13 Christmas case 13 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 11 sung obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 sung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present · passive the carol Christmas vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 5 Be careful picking holly; the leaves are sharp.
cop advcl advcl advmod punct det nsubj cop punct root Be AUX careful ADJ picking VERB holly ADV ; PUNCT the DET leaves NOUN are AUX sharp ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 2 careful cop 2 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sharp advcl 3 picking pick VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 careful advcl 4 holly holly ADV _ 3 picking advmod 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 sharp punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 leaves det 7 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 9 sharp nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 sharp cop 9 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 sharp punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is infinitive the leaves not said here careful property tree rules 2 pick gerund the leaves not said here holly property vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is present the leaves sharp property tree rules
Example 6 A sprig of holly sat on top of the Christmas pudding.
det nsubj case nmod case obl case det compound nmod punct root A DET sprig NOUN of ADP holly NOUN sat VERB on ADP top NOUN of ADP the DET Christmas PROPN pudding NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sprig det 2 sprig sprig NOUN Number=Sing 5 sat nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 holly case 4 holly holly NOUN Number=Sing 2 sprig nmod 5 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 on on ADP _ 7 top case 7 top top NOUN Number=Sing 5 sat obl 8 of of ADP _ 11 pudding case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 pudding det 10 Christmas Christmas PROPN Number=Sing 11 pudding compound 11 pudding pudding NOUN Number=Sing 7 top nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past a sprig of holly top of the Christmas pudding vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on top=Location
Example 7 They sat down under a holly tree and both poured forth their woes.
nsubj compound:prt case det compound obl cc nsubj conj advmod nmod:poss obj punct root They PRON sat VERB down ADP under ADP a DET holly NOUN tree NOUN and CCONJ both DET poured VERB forth ADV their PRON woes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 down down ADP _ 2 sat compound:prt 4 under under ADP _ 7 tree case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 tree det 6 holly holly NOUN Number=Sing 7 tree compound 7 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 poured cc 9 both both DET PronType=Tot 10 poured nsubj 10 poured pour VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 sat conj 11 forth forth ADV _ 10 poured advmod 12 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 woes nmod:poss 13 woes woe NOUN Number=Plur 10 poured obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit down past They a holly tree vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under tree=Location 2 pour participle both their woes forth property vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woe=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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