humming Who acts: Humming, She, her, We, bees, fridge · What happens: sing, close, make, be, mean, hum · To what, where: tune, lips, mmm sound, low steady buzzing sound, favourite song, humming
«humming» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: humming in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Humming is singing a tune with your lips closed, making a «mmm» sound.
The tree, 13 words nsubj aux det obj case nmod:poss nmod acl punct conj det punct compound punct obj punct root Humming NOUN is AUX singing VERB a DET tune NOUN with ADP your PRON lips NOUN closed VERB , PUNCT making VERB a DET « PUNCT mmm NOUN » PUNCT sound NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humming humming NOUN Number=Sing 3 singing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 singing aux 3 singing sing VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tune det 5 tune tune NOUN Number=Sing 3 singing obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 lips case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 lips nmod:poss 8 lips lip NOUN Number=Plur 5 tune nmod 9 closed close VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 lips acl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 making punct 11 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 singing conj 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 sound det 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 mmm punct 14 mmm mmm NOUN Number=Sing 16 sound compound 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 mmm punct 16 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 11 making obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 singing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present · progressive Humming a tune with your lips vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tune=Theme 2 close participle your lips not said here vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 make gerund Humming not said here a mmm sound vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Humming is a low, steady buzzing sound, like bees, a fridge or machines.
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop det amod punct amod compound punct case conj punct det conj cc conj punct root Humming NOUN is AUX a DET low ADJ , PUNCT steady ADJ buzzing NOUN sound NOUN , PUNCT like ADP bees NOUN , PUNCT a DET fridge NOUN or CCONJ machines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humming humming NOUN Number=Sing 8 sound nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 sound cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sound det 4 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sound amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 low punct 6 steady steady ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sound amod 7 buzzing buzzing NOUN Number=Sing 8 sound compound 8 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 bees punct 10 like like ADP _ 11 bees case 11 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 8 sound conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 fridge punct 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 fridge det 14 fridge fridge NOUN Number=Sing 8 sound conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 machines cc 16 machines machine NOUN Number=Plur 14 fridge conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Humming a low steady buzzing sound and bees and a fridge or machines tree rules
Meaning 3 Humming (adjective) can mean busy and full of activity.
nsubj punct appos punct aux xcomp cc conj case obl punct root Humming NOUN ( PUNCT adjective NOUN ) PUNCT can AUX mean VERB busy ADJ and CCONJ full ADJ of ADP activity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humming humming NOUN Number=Sing 6 mean nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 1 Humming appos 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 mean aux 6 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 busy busy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 mean xcomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 full cc 9 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 7 busy conj 10 of of ADP _ 11 activity case 11 activity activity NOUN Number=Sing 9 full obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Humming busy property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 She was humming her favourite song while she painted.
nsubj aux nmod:poss amod obj mark nsubj advcl punct root She PRON was AUX humming VERB her PRON favourite ADJ song NOUN while SCONJ she PRON painted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 humming nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 humming aux 3 humming hum VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 song nmod:poss 5 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 6 song amod 6 song song NOUN Number=Sing 3 humming obj 7 while while SCONJ _ 9 painted mark 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 painted nsubj 9 painted paint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 humming advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 humming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hum past · progressive She her favourite song vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic 2 paint past she vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 sing her = she nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 We heard the humming of bees in the lavender.
nsubj det obj case nmod case det obl punct root We PRON heard VERB the DET humming NOUN of ADP bees NOUN in ADP the DET lavender NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 humming det 4 humming humming NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 bees case 6 bees bee NOUN Number=Plur 4 humming nmod 7 in in ADP _ 9 lavender case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 lavender det 9 lavender lavender NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We the humming of bees the lavender vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer humming=Stimulus 2 hum bees nom humming «event intransitive»: of=agent
Example 3 The fridge makes a quiet humming noise.
det nsubj det amod compound obj punct root The DET fridge NOUN makes VERB a DET quiet ADJ humming NOUN noise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fridge det 2 fridge fridge NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 noise det 5 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 7 noise amod 6 humming humming NOUN Number=Sing 7 noise compound 7 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the fridge a quiet humming noise vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product
Example 4 Hum the tune if you don't know the words.
det obj mark nsubj aux advmod advcl det obj punct root Hum VERB the DET tune NOUN if SCONJ you PRON do AUX n't PART know VERB the DET words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hum hum VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tune det 3 tune tune NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hum obj 4 if if SCONJ _ 8 know mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 know nsubj 6 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 know aux 7 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 8 know advmod 8 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Hum advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 words det 10 words word NOUN Number=Plur 8 know obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hum punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hum imperative you not said here the tune vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Topic 2 not know a condition, not said to happen present · do-support you the words vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus
Example 5 The playground was humming with excitement before the holidays.
det nsubj aux case obl case det obl punct root The DET playground NOUN was AUX humming VERB with ADP excitement NOUN before ADP the DET holidays NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 playground det 2 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 4 humming nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 humming aux 4 humming hum VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 excitement case 6 excitement excitement NOUN Number=Sing 4 humming obl 7 before before ADP _ 9 holidays case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 holidays det 9 holidays holiday NOUN Number=Plur 4 humming obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 humming punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hum past · progressive the playground before the holidays with excitement vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location with excitement=Theme
Example 6 The humming of the wires came from the electricity pylons.
det nsubj case det nmod case det compound obl punct root The DET humming NOUN of ADP the DET wires NOUN came VERB from ADP the DET electricity NOUN pylons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 humming det 2 humming humming NOUN Number=Sing 6 came nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 wires case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 wires det 5 wires wire NOUN Number=Plur 2 humming nmod 6 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 from from ADP _ 10 pylons case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 pylons det 9 electricity electricity NOUN Number=Sing 10 pylons compound 10 pylons pylon NOUN Number=Plur 6 came obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the humming of the wires the electricity pylons vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from pylon=Initial_Location 2 hum the wires nom humming «event intransitive»: of=agent
Example 7 ‘What’s that you’re humming?’ asked the old man.
punct nsubj mark nsubj advcl xcomp punct punct advcl det amod obj punct root ‘ PUNCT What PRON ’s AUX that SCONJ you PRON ’re VERB humming VERB ? PUNCT ’ PUNCT asked VERB the DET old ADJ man NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 3 ’s punct 2 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 ’s nsubj 3 ’s be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 6 ’re mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 ’re nsubj 6 ’re 're VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 asked advcl 7 humming hum VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 ’re xcomp 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 humming punct 9 ’ ' PUNCT _ 6 ’re punct 10 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 ’s advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 man det 12 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 13 man amod 13 man man NOUN Number=Sing 10 asked obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 ’s punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 're past you tree rules 2 hum gerund you not said here vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location 3 ask speech: ask past the old man vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent man=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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