hummingbird Who acts: hummingbird, coloured bird, wings, that, Hummingbirds, bee hummingbird · What happens: be, beat, hum, hover, fly, drink · To what, where: wings, one place, hummingbird, red flower, nectar, smallest bird
«hummingbird» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hummingbird in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A hummingbird is a very small, brightly coloured bird from the Americas that beats its wings so fast they hum, and that can hover in one place and even fly backwards.
The tree, 31 words det nsubj cop det advmod punct advmod amod obl case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj advmod advmod nsubj parataxis punct cc nsubj aux parataxis case nummod obl cc advmod conj advmod punct root A DET hummingbird NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV small ADJ , PUNCT brightly ADV coloured ADJ bird NOUN from ADP the DET Americas PROPN that PRON beats VERB its PRON wings NOUN so ADV fast ADV they PRON hum VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ that PRON can AUX hover VERB in ADP one NUM place NOUN and CCONJ even ADV fly VERB backwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hummingbird det 2 hummingbird hummingbird NOUN Number=Sing 6 small nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 small cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 small det 5 very very ADV _ 6 small advmod 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 bird punct 8 brightly brightly ADV _ 9 coloured advmod 9 coloured coloured ADJ Degree=Pos 10 bird amod 10 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 6 small obl 11 from from ADP _ 13 Americas case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 Americas det 13 Americas AMERICAS PROPN Number=Plur 10 bird nmod 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 beats nsubj 15 beats beat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 bird acl:relcl 16 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 wings nmod:poss 17 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 15 beats obj 18 so so ADV _ 19 fast advmod 19 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 15 beats advmod 20 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 hum nsubj 21 hum hum VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 fast parataxis 22 , , PUNCT _ 26 hover punct 23 and and CCONJ _ 26 hover cc 24 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 26 hover nsubj 25 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 26 hover aux 26 hover hover VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 small parataxis 27 in in ADP _ 29 place case 28 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 29 place nummod 29 place place NOUN Number=Sing 26 hover obl 30 and and CCONJ _ 32 fly cc 31 even even ADV _ 32 fly advmod 32 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 26 hover conj 33 backwards backwards ADV _ 32 fly advmod 34 . . PUNCT _ 6 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a hummingbird coloured bird from the Americas obl ; small property tree rules 2 beat present coloured bird from the Americas hummingbird's wings fast property vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme 3 hum present wings = wing vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location 4 hover can that one place vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location 5 fly infinitive that not said here backwards property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 A hummingbird hovered beside the red flower.
det acl case det amod obl punct root A DET hummingbird NOUN hovered VERB beside ADP the DET red ADJ flower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hummingbird det 2 hummingbird hummingbird NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 hovered hover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 hummingbird acl 4 beside beside ADP _ 7 flower case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 flower det 6 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 7 flower amod 7 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 3 hovered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 hummingbird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hover participle a hummingbird not said here the red flower vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside flower=Location
Example 2 Hummingbirds can fly backwards.
nsubj aux advmod punct root Hummingbirds NOUN can AUX fly VERB backwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hummingbirds hummingbird NOUN Number=Plur 3 fly nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 fly aux 3 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 backwards backwards ADV _ 3 fly advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 3 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly can Hummingbirds backwards property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The hummingbird drank nectar with its long tongue.
det nsubj obj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root The DET hummingbird NOUN drank VERB nectar NOUN with ADP its PRON long ADJ tongue NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hummingbird det 2 hummingbird hummingbird NOUN Number=Sing 3 drank nsubj 3 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 nectar nectar NOUN Number=Sing 3 drank obj 5 with with ADP _ 8 tongue case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 tongue nmod:poss 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 tongue amod 8 tongue tongue NOUN Number=Sing 3 drank obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 drank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink past the hummingbird nectar with hummingbird's long tongue vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nectar=Patient
Example 4 Its wings beat so fast they looked like a blur.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod advmod nsubj parataxis case det obl punct root Its PRON wings NOUN beat VERB so ADV fast ADV they PRON looked VERB like ADP a DET blur NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 wings nmod:poss 2 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 3 beat nsubj 3 beat beat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 so so ADV _ 5 fast advmod 5 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 3 beat advmod 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 looked nsubj 7 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 beat parataxis 8 like like ADP _ 10 blur case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 blur det 10 blur blur NOUN Number=Sing 7 looked obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 beat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beat present Its wings fast property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 look past wings = wing like a blur vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 The bee hummingbird is the smallest bird in the world.
det compound nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root The DET bee NOUN hummingbird NOUN is AUX the DET smallest ADJ bird NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 hummingbird det 2 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 3 hummingbird compound 3 hummingbird hummingbird NOUN Number=Sing 7 bird nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bird cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bird det 6 smallest small ADJ Degree=Sup 7 bird amod 7 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 world case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 world det 10 world world NOUN Number=Sing 7 bird nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the bee hummingbird the smallest bird the world tree rules
Example 6 We hung a feeder with sugar water for the hummingbirds.
nsubj det obj case compound obl case det obl punct root We PRON hung VERB a DET feeder NOUN with ADP sugar NOUN water NOUN for ADP the DET hummingbirds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 hung nsubj 2 hung hang VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 feeder det 4 feeder feeder NOUN Number=Sing 2 hung obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 water case 6 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 7 water compound 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 hung obl 8 for for ADP _ 10 hummingbirds case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 hummingbirds det 10 hummingbirds hummingbird NOUN Number=Plur 2 hung obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 hung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hang past We a feeder with sugar water; for the hummingbirds vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent feeder=Patient with water=Instrument
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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