humpback Who acts: humpback, long flippers, whale, humpback bridge, small bridge, we · What happens: be, sing, leap, rise, curve, bend · To what, where: large whale, water, small bridge, middle, old word, person · Speech: someone speaks here
«humpback» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: humpback in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A humpback, or humpback whale, is a very large whale with long flippers that is famous for its songs and its leaps out of the water.
The tree, 26 words det nsubj punct cc compound conj punct cop det advmod amod case amod nmod nsubj cop acl:relcl case nmod:poss obl cc nmod:poss conj case case det obl punct root A DET humpback NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ humpback NOUN whale NOUN , PUNCT is AUX a DET very ADV large ADJ whale NOUN with ADP long ADJ flippers NOUN that PRON is AUX famous ADJ for ADP its PRON songs NOUN and CCONJ its PRON leaps NOUN out ADP of ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 humpback det 2 humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 12 whale nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 whale punct 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 whale cc 5 humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 6 whale compound 6 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 2 humpback conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 2 humpback punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 whale cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 whale det 10 very very ADV _ 11 large advmod 11 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 12 whale amod 12 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing root root 13 with with ADP _ 15 flippers case 14 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 15 flippers amod 15 flippers flipper NOUN Number=Plur 12 whale nmod 16 that that PRON PronType=Rel 18 famous nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 famous cop 18 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 15 flippers acl:relcl 19 for for ADP _ 21 songs case 20 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 21 songs nmod:poss 21 songs song NOUN Number=Plur 18 famous obl 22 and and CCONJ _ 24 leaps cc 23 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 24 leaps nmod:poss 24 leaps leap NOUN Number=Plur 21 songs conj 25 out out ADP _ 28 water case 26 of of ADP _ 28 water case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 water det 28 water water NOUN Number=Sing 18 famous obl 29 . . PUNCT _ 12 whale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a humpback or humpback whale a large whale with long flippers tree rules 2 is present long flippers the water for whale's songs and whale's leaps; famous property tree rules 3 sing whale nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent 4 leap whale nom leap «act transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A humpback bridge is a small bridge that rises steeply in the middle like a hump.
The tree, 16 words det compound nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl advmod case det obl case det obl punct root A DET humpback NOUN bridge NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ bridge NOUN that PRON rises VERB steeply ADV in ADP the DET middle NOUN like ADP a DET hump NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bridge det 2 humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 3 bridge compound 3 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 7 bridge nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bridge cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bridge det 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bridge amod 7 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 rises nsubj 9 rises rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 bridge acl:relcl 10 steeply steeply ADV _ 9 rises advmod 11 in in ADP _ 13 middle case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 middle det 13 middle middle NOUN Number=Sing 9 rises obl 14 like like ADP _ 16 hump case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 hump det 16 hump hump NOUN Number=Sing 9 rises obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 bridge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a humpback bridge a small bridge tree rules 2 rise present a small bridge the middle like a hump; steeply property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in middle=Location
Meaning 3 Usage: old-fashioned, can be unkind — kept apart, not parsed.
A humpback was an old word for a person with a curved, bent-over back; today we say a person has a curved spine.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod mark det acl punct conj punct advmod advmod punct obl:unmarked nsubj parataxis det nsubj ccomp det amod obj punct root A DET humpback NOUN was AUX an DET old ADJ word NOUN for ADP a DET person NOUN with SCONJ a DET curved VERB , PUNCT bent VERB - PUNCT over ADV back ADV ; PUNCT today NOUN we PRON say VERB a DET person NOUN has VERB a DET curved VERB spine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 humpback det 2 humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 6 word nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 word cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 word det 5 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 6 word amod 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 person case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 person det 9 person person NOUN Number=Sing 6 word nmod 10 with with SCONJ _ 12 curved mark 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 curved det 12 curved curve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 person acl 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 bent punct 14 bent bend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 word conj 15 - - PUNCT _ 17 back punct 16 over over ADV _ 17 back advmod 17 back back ADV _ 14 bent advmod 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 say punct 19 today today NOUN Number=Sing 21 say obl:unmarked 20 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 21 say nsubj 21 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 word parataxis 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 person det 23 person person NOUN Number=Sing 24 has nsubj 24 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 say ccomp 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 27 spine det 26 curved curve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 27 spine amod 27 spine spine NOUN Number=Sing 24 has obj 28 . . PUNCT _ 6 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a humpback a old word for a person tree rules 2 curve participle a person not said here vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material 3 bend participle a humpback not said here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 say speech: assert present we today vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 have present a person a curved spine vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spine=Patient 6 curve participle vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material
Example 1 A humpback leapt right out of the sea and crashed back down.
det compound nsubj advmod case case det nmod cc advmod advmod punct root A DET humpback NOUN leapt NOUN right ADV out ADP of ADP the DET sea NOUN and CCONJ crashed VERB back ADV down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 leapt det 2 humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 3 leapt compound 3 leapt leapt NOUN Number=Sing 10 crashed nsubj 4 right right ADV _ 8 sea advmod 5 out out ADP _ 8 sea case 6 of of ADP _ 8 sea case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sea det 8 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 leapt nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 crashed cc 10 crashed crash VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 back back ADV _ 12 down advmod 12 down down ADV _ 10 crashed advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 crashed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crash past a humpback leapt out the sea down property vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 Humpback whales sing songs that can last for hours.
compound nsubj obj nsubj aux acl:relcl case obl punct root Humpback NOUN whales NOUN sing VERB songs NOUN that PRON can AUX last VERB for ADP hours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 2 whales compound 2 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 3 sing nsubj 3 sing sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 songs song NOUN Number=Plur 3 sing obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 last nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 last aux 7 last last VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 songs acl:relcl 8 for for ADP _ 9 hours case 9 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 7 last obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 sing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express present Humpback whales songs vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme 2 last can songs hour vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
Example 3 We saw three humpbacks on the whale-watching trip in Sydney.
nsubj nummod obj case det compound punct amod obl case nmod punct root We PRON saw VERB three NUM humpbacks NOUN on ADP the DET whale NOUN - PUNCT watching VERB trip NOUN in ADP Sydney PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 humpbacks nummod 4 humpbacks humpback NOUN Number=Plur 2 saw obj 5 on on ADP _ 10 trip case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 trip det 7 whale whale NOUN Number=Sing 9 watching compound 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 whale punct 9 watching watch VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 trip amod 10 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 11 in in ADP _ 12 Sydney case 12 Sydney Sydney PROPN Number=Sing 10 trip nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We three humpbacks the watching trip in Sydney vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer humpback=Stimulus 2 watch gerund vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Humpbacks have no teeth; they filter krill through baleen.
nsubj det obj punct nsubj conj obj case obl punct root Humpbacks NOUN have VERB no DET teeth NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON filter VERB krill NOUN through ADP baleen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humpbacks humpback NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 teeth det 4 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 filter punct 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 filter nsubj 7 filter filter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 have conj 8 krill krill NOUN Number=Sing 7 filter obj 9 through through ADP _ 10 baleen case 10 baleen baleen NOUN Number=Sing 7 filter obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Humpbacks no teeth vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient 2 filter present Humpbacks = humpback krill baleen vn wipe_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Agent krill=Initial_Location
Example 5 The car slowed down for the humpback bridge.
det nsubj compound:prt case det compound obl punct root The DET car NOUN slowed VERB down ADP for ADP the DET humpback NOUN bridge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 slowed nsubj 3 slowed slow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADP _ 3 slowed compound:prt 5 for for ADP _ 8 bridge case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bridge det 7 humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 8 bridge compound 8 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 3 slowed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 slowed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slow down past the car for the humpback bridge vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 A baby humpback is called a calf.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET baby NOUN humpback NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET calf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 humpback det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 humpback compound 3 humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 calf det 7 calf calf NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a baby humpback vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 Humpbacks travel to warm waters to have their calves.
nsubj mark xcomp obj mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Humpbacks NOUN travel VERB to PART warm VERB waters NOUN to PART have VERB their PRON calves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humpbacks humpback NOUN Number=Plur 2 travel nsubj 2 travel travel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 warm mark 4 warm warm VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 travel xcomp 5 waters water NOUN Number=Plur 4 warm obj 6 to to PART _ 7 have mark 7 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 warm advcl 8 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 calves nmod:poss 9 calves calf NOUN Number=Plur 7 have obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 travel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 travel present Humpbacks tree rules 2 warm to-infinitive Humpbacks not said here waters vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient 3 have to-infinitive Humpbacks not said here Humpbacks's calves vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Patient
Example 8 The humpback slapped its long white flipper on the water.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod amod obj case det obl punct root The DET humpback NOUN slapped VERB its PRON long ADJ white ADJ flipper NOUN on ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 humpback det 2 humpback humpback NOUN Number=Sing 3 slapped nsubj 3 slapped slap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 flipper nmod:poss 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 flipper amod 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 7 flipper amod 7 flipper flipper NOUN Number=Sing 3 slapped obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 water case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 water det 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 slapped obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 slapped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 slap past the humpback humpback's long white flipper on the water vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent flipper=Instrument on water=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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