humus Who acts: dark, Worms, Humus, Plants, Compost, top layer · What happens: make, rot, feed, help, turn, grow · To what, where: soil, dead, plants, dead leaves, humus, water
«humus» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: humus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
The dark, rich part of soil made from dead and rotting leaves, plants and animals; it feeds plants.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj punct amod appos case nmod acl case obl cc amod conj punct conj cc conj punct nsubj obj punct root The DET dark NOUN , PUNCT rich ADJ part NOUN of ADP soil NOUN made VERB from ADP dead ADJ and CCONJ rotting VERB leaves NOUN , PUNCT plants NOUN and CCONJ animals NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON feeds VERB plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dark det 2 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 20 feeds nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 part punct 4 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 5 part amod 5 part part NOUN Number=Sing 2 dark appos 6 of of ADP _ 7 soil case 7 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 5 part nmod 8 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 soil acl 9 from from ADP _ 10 dead case 10 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 8 made obl 11 and and CCONJ _ 13 leaves cc 12 rotting rot VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 leaves amod 13 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 8 made conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 plants punct 15 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 13 leaves conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 animals cc 17 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 13 leaves conj 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 20 feeds punct 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 feeds nsubj 20 feeds feed VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 21 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 20 feeds obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 20 feeds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make participle soil not said here dead vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from dead=Material 2 rot gerund vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 feed present the dark plants vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Worms help turn dead leaves into humus.
nsubj xcomp amod obj case obl punct root Worms NOUN help VERB turn VERB dead ADJ leaves NOUN into ADP humus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Worms worm NOUN Number=Plur 2 help nsubj 2 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 help xcomp 4 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 5 leaves amod 5 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 3 turn obj 6 into into ADP _ 7 humus case 7 humus humus NOUN Number=Sing 3 turn obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Worms vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 turn infinitive Worms not said here dead leaves humus vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme into humus=Trajectory
Example 2 Humus makes the soil dark and rich.
nsubj det obj xcomp cc conj punct root Humus NOUN makes VERB the DET soil NOUN dark ADJ and CCONJ rich ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humus humus NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 soil det 4 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes obj 5 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 makes xcomp 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 rich cc 7 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 5 dark conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Humus the soil dark property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset soil=Product
Example 3 Plants grow well in soil full of humus.
nsubj advmod case obl amod case obl punct root Plants NOUN grow VERB well ADV in ADP soil NOUN full ADJ of ADP humus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 well well ADV Degree=Pos 2 grow advmod 4 in in ADP _ 5 soil case 5 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 2 grow obl 6 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 5 soil amod 7 of of ADP _ 8 humus case 8 humus humus NOUN Number=Sing 6 full obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Plants soil well property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location
Example 4 Compost becomes humus over time.
nsubj xcomp case obl punct root Compost NOUN becomes VERB humus NOUN over ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Compost compost NOUN Number=Sing 2 becomes nsubj 2 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 humus humus NOUN Number=Sing 2 becomes xcomp 4 over over ADP _ 5 time case 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 becomes obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 becomes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become present Compost humus time vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Example 5 The top layer of the forest floor is rich in humus.
det amod nsubj case det compound nmod cop case obl punct root The DET top ADJ layer NOUN of ADP the DET forest NOUN floor NOUN is AUX rich ADJ in ADP humus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 layer det 2 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 3 layer amod 3 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 9 rich nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 7 floor case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 floor det 6 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 7 floor compound 7 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 3 layer nmod 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 rich cop 9 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 in in ADP _ 11 humus case 11 humus humus NOUN Number=Sing 9 rich obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 rich punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the top layer of the forest floor humus rich property tree rules
Example 6 Humus holds water like a sponge.
nsubj obj case det obl punct root Humus NOUN holds VERB water NOUN like ADP a DET sponge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Humus humus NOUN Number=Sing 2 holds nsubj 2 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 holds obj 4 like like ADP _ 6 sponge case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sponge det 6 sponge sponge NOUN Number=Sing 2 holds obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present Humus water like a sponge vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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