hyena Who acts: hyena, call, Hyenas, other animals, laugh, Spotted hyenas · What happens: be, slope back, spot, sound, laugh, hunt · To what, where: like wild animal, Africa, groups, savanna, big groups, clans · Speech: someone speaks here
«hyena» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: hyena in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A hyena is a dog-like wild animal from Africa and parts of Asia with strong jaws, a sloping back and, in the spotted kind, a call that sounds like laughing.
The tree, 31 words det nsubj cop det compound punct amod amod case nmod cc conj case nmod case amod nmod punct det csubj advmod cc punct case det amod conj punct det conj nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl punct root A DET hyena NOUN is AUX a DET dog NOUN - PUNCT like ADJ wild ADJ animal NOUN from ADP Africa PROPN and CCONJ parts NOUN of ADP Asia PROPN with ADP strong ADJ jaws NOUN , PUNCT a DET sloping VERB back ADV and CCONJ , PUNCT in ADP the DET spotted VERB kind NOUN , PUNCT a DET call NOUN that PRON sounds VERB like SCONJ laughing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 hyena det 2 hyena hyena NOUN Number=Sing 9 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 animal det 5 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 7 like compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 dog punct 7 like like ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animal amod 8 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animal amod 9 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 from from ADP _ 11 Africa case 11 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 9 animal nmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 parts cc 13 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 9 animal conj 14 of of ADP _ 15 Asia case 15 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 13 parts nmod 16 with with ADP _ 18 jaws case 17 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 18 jaws amod 18 jaws jaw NOUN Number=Plur 13 parts nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 28 kind punct 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 28 kind det 21 sloping slope VERB VerbForm=Ger 28 kind csubj 22 back back ADV _ 21 sloping advmod 23 and and CCONJ _ 28 kind cc 24 , , PUNCT _ 28 kind punct 25 in in ADP _ 28 kind case 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 kind det 27 spotted spot VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 28 kind amod 28 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 18 jaws conj 29 , , PUNCT _ 31 call punct 30 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 31 call det 31 call call NOUN Number=Sing 18 jaws conj 32 that that PRON PronType=Rel 33 sounds nsubj 33 sounds sound VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 31 call acl:relcl 34 like like SCONJ _ 35 laughing mark 35 laughing laugh VERB VerbForm=Ger 33 sounds advcl 36 . . PUNCT _ 9 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a hyena a like wild animal and parts of Asia with strong jaws and a spotted kind and a call Africa tree rules 2 slope back gerund vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 spot participle vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 4 sound present a call vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 5 laugh gerund a call not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Hyenas hunt in groups and also eat what other animals leave behind.
nsubj case obl cc advmod conj obj amod nsubj conj advmod punct root Hyenas NOUN hunt VERB in ADP groups NOUN and CCONJ also ADV eat VERB what PRON other ADJ animals NOUN leave VERB behind ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hyenas hyena NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt nsubj 2 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 groups case 4 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 eat cc 6 also also ADV _ 7 eat advmod 7 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 hunt conj 8 what what PRON PronType=Int 11 leave obj 9 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 10 animals amod 10 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 11 leave nsubj 11 leave leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 eat conj 12 behind behind ADV _ 11 leave advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present Hyenas groups vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in group=Location 2 eat present Hyenas not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 leave behind present other animals behind property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme
Example 1 The hyena's laugh echoed across the savanna at night.
det nmod:poss case nsubj case det obl case obl punct root The DET hyena NOUN 's PART laugh NOUN echoed VERB across ADP the DET savanna NOUN at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 hyena det 2 hyena hyena NOUN Number=Sing 4 laugh nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 hyena case 4 laugh laugh NOUN Number=Sing 5 echoed nsubj 5 echoed echo VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 across across ADP _ 8 savanna case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 savanna det 8 savanna savanna NOUN Number=Sing 5 echoed obl 9 at at ADP _ 10 night case 10 night night NOUN Number=Sing 5 echoed obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 echoed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 echo past the hyena's laugh the savanna night vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 laugh the hyena nom laugh «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 Spotted hyenas live in big groups called clans.
amod nsubj case amod obl acl xcomp punct root Spotted VERB hyenas NOUN live VERB in ADP big ADJ groups NOUN called VERB clans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spotted spot VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 hyenas amod 2 hyenas hyena NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 3 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 groups case 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 groups amod 6 groups group NOUN Number=Plur 3 live obl 7 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 groups acl 8 clans clan NOUN Number=Plur 7 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spot participle vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 live present Spotted hyenas big groups vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Location 3 call participle big groups not said here clans vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Hyenas have jaws strong enough to crack bones.
nsubj obj amod advmod mark advcl obj punct root Hyenas NOUN have VERB jaws NOUN strong ADJ enough ADV to PART crack VERB bones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hyenas hyena NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 jaws jaw NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 4 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 3 jaws amod 5 enough enough ADV _ 4 strong advmod 6 to to PART _ 7 crack mark 7 crack crack VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 strong advcl 8 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 7 crack obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Hyenas jaws vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Patient 2 crack to-infinitive Hyenas not said here bones vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bone=Theme
Example 4 Lions and hyenas often fight over food.
nsubj cc conj advmod case obl punct root Lions NOUN and CCONJ hyenas NOUN often ADV fight VERB over ADP food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lions lion NOUN Number=Plur 5 fight nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 hyenas cc 3 hyenas hyena NOUN Number=Plur 1 Lions conj 4 often often ADV _ 5 fight advmod 5 fight fight VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 over over ADP _ 7 food case 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 fight obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 fight punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight present Lions and hyenas over food; often property vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.theme NP S_ING»: agent=Agent over food=Theme
Example 5 Hyenas hunt zebras and wildebeest as well as scavenging.
nsubj obj cc conj advmod fixed mark advcl punct root Hyenas NOUN hunt VERB zebras NOUN and CCONJ wildebeest NOUN as ADV well ADV as SCONJ scavenging VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hyenas hyena NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt nsubj 2 hunt hunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 zebras zebra NOUN Number=Plur 2 hunt obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 wildebeest cc 5 wildebeest wildebeest NOUN Number=Plur 3 zebras conj 6 as as ADV ExtPos=ADV 2 hunt advmod 7 well well ADV Degree=Pos 6 as fixed 8 as as SCONJ _ 9 scavenging mark 9 scavenging scavenge VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 hunt advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 hunt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt present Hyenas zebras and wildebeest vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zebra=Theme 2 scavenge gerund Hyenas not said here vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
Example 6 In the cartoon, the hyenas were the villain's helpers.
case det obl punct det nsubj det nmod:poss case nsubj punct root In ADP the DET cartoon NOUN , PUNCT the DET hyenas NOUN were VERB the DET villain NOUN 's PART helpers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 cartoon case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 cartoon det 3 cartoon cartoon NOUN Number=Sing 7 were obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 cartoon punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hyenas det 6 hyenas hyena NOUN Number=Plur 7 were nsubj 7 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 villain det 9 villain villain NOUN Number=Sing 11 helpers nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 villain case 11 helpers helper NOUN Number=Plur 7 were nsubj 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past the hyenas the cartoon vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Location
Example 7 Female spotted hyenas are bigger than the males and lead the group.
amod amod nsubj cop case det obl cc conj det obj punct root Female ADJ spotted VERB hyenas NOUN are AUX bigger ADJ than ADP the DET males NOUN and CCONJ lead VERB the DET group NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Female female ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hyenas amod 2 spotted spot VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 hyenas amod 3 hyenas hyena NOUN Number=Plur 5 bigger nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bigger cop 5 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 8 males case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 males det 8 males male NOUN Number=Plur 5 bigger obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 lead cc 10 lead lead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bigger conj 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 group det 12 group group NOUN Number=Sing 10 lead obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 bigger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spot participle vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 is present Female spotted hyenas than the males; big property tree rules 3 lead present Female spotted hyenas not said here the group vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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