ice Who acts: Ice, Water, people, She, 6 glasses, They · What happens: be, freeze, become, break, feel, meet · To what, where: water, ice, 0 degrees, 4 ice cubes, glass, ice skating
«ice» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ice in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Ice is water that has frozen hard because it is very cold. Water becomes ice at 0 degrees Celsius.
Sentence 1: Ice is water that has frozen hard because it is very cold.
nsubj cop nsubj:pass aux acl:relcl advmod mark nsubj cop advmod advcl punct root Ice NOUN is AUX water NOUN that PRON has AUX frozen VERB hard ADV because SCONJ it PRON is AUX very ADV cold ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 3 water nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 water cop 3 water water NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 frozen nsubj:pass 5 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 frozen aux 6 frozen freeze VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 water acl:relcl 7 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 6 frozen advmod 8 because because SCONJ _ 12 cold mark 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 cold nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 cold cop 11 very very ADV _ 12 cold advmod 12 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 6 frozen advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 water punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Ice water tree rules 2 freeze present · perfect · passive water hard property vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result 3 is present Ice cold property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Water becomes ice at 0 degrees Celsius.
nsubj xcomp case nummod obl nmod:unmarked punct root Water NOUN becomes VERB ice NOUN at ADP 0 NUM degrees NOUN Celsius PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 becomes nsubj 2 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 becomes xcomp 4 at at ADP _ 6 degrees case 5 0 0 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 degrees nummod 6 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 2 becomes obl 7 Celsius Celsius PROPN Number=Sing 6 degrees nmod:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 becomes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become present Water ice 0 degrees Celsius vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Meaning 2 To ice a cake is to cover it with icing.
mark nsubj det conj cop mark obj case obl punct root To PART ice NOUN a DET cake NOUN is AUX to PART cover VERB it PRON with ADP icing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 ice mark 2 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 7 cover nsubj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 cake det 4 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 2 ice conj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 cover cop 6 to to PART _ 7 cover mark 7 cover cover VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 cover obj 9 with with ADP _ 10 icing case 10 icing icing NOUN Number=Sing 7 cover obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 cover punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present ice and a cake with icing; cover property tree rules
Meaning 3 «Ice» is also short for ice cream in some places.
punct nsubj punct cop advmod case compound obl case det nmod punct root « PUNCT Ice NOUN » PUNCT is AUX also ADV short ADJ for ADP ice NOUN cream NOUN in ADP some DET places NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Ice punct 2 Ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 6 short nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Ice punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 short cop 5 also also ADV _ 6 short advmod 6 short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 cream case 8 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 9 cream compound 9 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 6 short obl 10 in in ADP _ 12 places case 11 some some DET PronType=Ind 12 places det 12 places place NOUN Number=Plur 9 cream nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Ice for ice cream in some places; short property tree rules
Meaning 4 To break the ice is to help people feel relaxed when they first meet.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl det obj cop mark obj xcomp xcomp mark nsubj advmod advcl punct root To PART break VERB the DET ice NOUN is AUX to PART help VERB people NOUN feel VERB relaxed ADJ when SCONJ they PRON first ADV meet VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 break mark 2 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 help advcl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 ice det 4 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 break obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 help cop 6 to to PART _ 7 help mark 7 help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 help obj 9 feel feel VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 help xcomp 10 relaxed relaxed ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feel xcomp 11 when when SCONJ _ 14 meet mark 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 meet nsubj 13 first first ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 14 meet advmod 14 meet meet VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 feel advcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break to-infinitive the ice vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ice=Patient 2 is present help property tree rules 3 feel infinitive relaxed property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 4 meet present people first property vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 She put 4 ice cubes in each glass.
nsubj nummod compound obj case det obl punct root She PRON put VERB 4 NUM ice NOUN cubes NOUN in ADP each DET glass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cubes nummod 4 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 5 cubes compound 5 cubes cube NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 glass case 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 glass det 8 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past She 4 ice cubes each glass vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cube=Theme in glass=Destination
Example 2 The ice on the pond is 5 centimetres thick.
det nsubj case det nmod cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET ice NOUN on ADP the DET pond NOUN is AUX 5 NUM centimetres NOUN thick ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ice det 2 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 9 thick nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 pond case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pond det 5 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 2 ice nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 thick cop 7 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 centimetres nummod 8 centimetres centimetre NOUN Number=Plur 9 thick obl:unmarked 9 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 thick punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the ice on the pond 5 centimetres obl:unmarked ; thick property tree rules
Example 3 There are 6 glasses with 3 ice cubes in each.
expl nummod nsubj case nummod compound nmod case nmod punct root There PRON are VERB 6 NUM glasses NOUN with ADP 3 NUM ice NOUN cubes NOUN in ADP each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 glasses nummod 4 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 with with ADP _ 8 cubes case 6 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 cubes nummod 7 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 8 cubes compound 8 cubes cube NOUN Number=Plur 4 glasses nmod 9 in in ADP _ 10 each case 10 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 cubes nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present 6 glasses with 3 ice cubes in each there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 They went ice skating for 2 hours.
nsubj compound obj case nummod obl punct root They PRON went VERB ice NOUN skating NOUN for ADP 2 NUM hours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 4 skating compound 4 skating skating NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 hours case 6 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 hours nummod 7 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 2 went obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past They ice skating hour vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location skating=Theme
Example 5 Water turns to ice at 0 degrees Celsius.
nsubj case obl case nummod obl nmod:unmarked punct root Water NOUN turns VERB to ADP ice NOUN at ADP 0 NUM degrees NOUN Celsius PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 turns nsubj 2 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 ice case 4 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 turns obl 5 at at ADP _ 7 degrees case 6 0 0 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 degrees nummod 7 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 2 turns obl 8 Celsius Celsius PROPN Number=Sing 7 degrees nmod:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 turns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present Water 0 degrees Celsius to ice vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme to ice=Source at degree=Trajectory
Example 6 Ice floats because it is lighter than the same amount of water.
nsubj mark nsubj cop advcl case det amod obl case nmod punct root Ice NOUN floats VERB because SCONJ it PRON is AUX lighter ADJ than ADP the DET same ADJ amount NOUN of ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 floats nsubj 2 floats float VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 because because SCONJ _ 6 lighter mark 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 lighter nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 lighter cop 6 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 floats advcl 7 than than ADP _ 10 amount case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 amount det 9 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 10 amount amod 10 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 6 lighter obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 water case 12 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 amount nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 floats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 float present Ice vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is present Ice than the same amount of water; light property tree rules 3 amount water nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient
Example 7 Never walk on ice on a pond or lake.
advmod case obl case det obl cc conj punct root Never ADV walk VERB on ADP ice NOUN on ADP a DET pond NOUN or CCONJ lake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 walk advmod 2 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 4 ice case 4 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 walk obl 5 on on ADP _ 7 pond case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pond det 7 pond pond NOUN Number=Sing 2 walk obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 lake cc 9 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 7 pond conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not walk imperative you not said here ice on a pond or lake vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ice=Trajectory
Example 8 The ice melted in the sun.
det acl case det obl root The DET ice NOUN melted VERB in ADP the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ice det 2 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 melted melt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 ice acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 sun. case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sun. det 6 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 3 melted obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 melt participle the ice not said here the sun. vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 9 A funny game helped to break the ice.
det amod nsubj mark xcomp det obj punct root A DET funny ADJ game NOUN helped VERB to PART break VERB the DET ice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 game det 2 funny funny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 game amod 3 game game NOUN Number=Sing 4 helped nsubj 4 helped help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 break mark 6 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 helped xcomp 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ice det 8 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 6 break obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 helped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help past a funny game vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 break to-infinitive a funny game not said here the ice vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ice=Patient
Example 10 It was made entirely of ice.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct root It PRON was AUX made VERB entirely ADV of ADP ice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 made nsubj:pass 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 made aux:pass 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 entirely entirely ADV _ 3 made advmod 5 of of ADP _ 6 ice case 6 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past · passive It of ice; entirely property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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