ichthyosaur Who acts: ichthyosaur, large sea reptile, It, separate kind, Mary, Ichthyosaurs · What happens: be, live, look, not be, breathe, give · To what, where: large sea reptile, dinosaur, air, birth, sea, ichthyosaur fossil
«ichthyosaur» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ichthyosaur in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An ichthyosaur was a large sea reptile that lived at the time of the dinosaurs and looked like a dolphin or a fish, with flippers, a long snout and big eyes.
The tree, 31 words det nsubj cop det amod compound nsubj acl:relcl case det obl case det nmod cc conj case det obl cc det conj punct case conj punct det amod appos cc amod conj punct root An DET ichthyosaur NOUN was AUX a DET large ADJ sea NOUN reptile NOUN that PRON lived VERB at ADP the DET time NOUN of ADP the DET dinosaurs NOUN and CCONJ looked VERB like ADP a DET dolphin NOUN or CCONJ a DET fish NOUN , PUNCT with ADP flippers NOUN , PUNCT a DET long ADJ snout NOUN and CCONJ big ADJ eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ichthyosaur det 2 ichthyosaur ichthyosaur NOUN Number=Sing 7 reptile nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 reptile cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 reptile det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 reptile amod 6 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 reptile compound 7 reptile reptile NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 lived nsubj 9 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 reptile acl:relcl 10 at at ADP _ 12 time case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 time det 12 time time NOUN Number=Sing 9 lived obl 13 of of ADP _ 15 dinosaurs case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 dinosaurs det 15 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN Number=Plur 12 time nmod 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 looked cc 17 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 lived conj 18 like like ADP _ 20 dolphin case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 dolphin det 20 dolphin dolphin NOUN Number=Sing 17 looked obl 21 or or CCONJ _ 23 fish cc 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 fish det 23 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 20 dolphin conj 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 flippers punct 25 with with ADP _ 26 flippers case 26 flippers flipper NOUN Number=Plur 20 dolphin conj 27 , , PUNCT _ 30 snout punct 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 30 snout det 29 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 30 snout amod 30 snout snout NOUN Number=Sing 26 flippers appos 31 and and CCONJ _ 33 eyes cc 32 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 33 eyes amod 33 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 30 snout conj 34 . . PUNCT _ 7 reptile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a ichthyosaur a large sea reptile tree rules 2 live past a large sea reptile time vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 look past a large sea reptile not said here like a dolphin or a fish and flippers vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It was not a dinosaur but a separate kind of reptile that breathed air and gave birth to live young in the sea.
The tree, 23 words nsubj cop advmod det cc det amod conj case nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj obj mark xcomp xcomp case det obl punct root It PRON was AUX not PART a DET dinosaur NOUN but CCONJ a DET separate ADJ kind NOUN of ADP reptile NOUN that PRON breathed VERB air NOUN and CCONJ gave VERB birth NOUN to PART live VERB young ADJ in ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 dinosaur nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 dinosaur cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 dinosaur advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 dinosaur det 5 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 but but CCONJ _ 9 kind cc 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 kind det 8 separate separate ADJ Degree=Pos 9 kind amod 9 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 5 dinosaur conj 10 of of ADP _ 11 reptile case 11 reptile reptile NOUN Number=Sing 9 kind nmod 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 breathed nsubj 13 breathed breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 kind acl:relcl 14 air air NOUN Number=Sing 13 breathed obj 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 gave cc 16 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 breathed conj 17 birth birth NOUN Number=Sing 16 gave obj 18 to to PART _ 19 live mark 19 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 gave xcomp 20 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 19 live xcomp 21 in in ADP _ 23 sea case 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 sea det 23 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 19 live obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 dinosaur punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is a past It a dinosaur but a separate kind of reptile tree rules 2 breathe past a separate kind of reptile air vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme 3 give past a separate kind of reptile not said here birth tree rules 4 live to-infinitive a separate kind of reptile not said here the sea young property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location
Example 1 Mary Anning found an ichthyosaur fossil on the beach.
nsubj flat det compound obj case det obl punct root Mary PROPN Anning PROPN found VERB an DET ichthyosaur NOUN fossil NOUN on ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mary Mary PROPN Number=Sing 3 found nsubj 2 Anning Anning PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mary flat 3 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fossil det 5 ichthyosaur ichthyosaur NOUN Number=Sing 6 fossil compound 6 fossil fossil NOUN Number=Sing 3 found obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 beach case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beach det 9 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 3 found obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past Mary a ichthyosaur fossil the beach vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fossil=Topic
Example 2 An ichthyosaur looked like a dolphin.
det nsubj case det obl punct root An DET ichthyosaur NOUN looked VERB like ADP a DET dolphin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ichthyosaur det 2 ichthyosaur ichthyosaur NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked nsubj 3 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 like like ADP _ 6 dolphin case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 dolphin det 6 dolphin dolphin NOUN Number=Sing 3 looked obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past a ichthyosaur like a dolphin vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 3 Ichthyosaurs breathed air, so they swam up to the surface.
nsubj obj punct advmod nsubj conj compound:prt case det obl punct root Ichthyosaurs NOUN breathed VERB air NOUN , PUNCT so ADV they PRON swam VERB up ADP to ADP the DET surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ichthyosaurs ichthyosaur NOUN Number=Plur 2 breathed nsubj 2 breathed breathe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 air air NOUN Number=Sing 2 breathed obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 swam punct 5 so so ADV _ 7 swam advmod 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 swam nsubj 7 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 breathed conj 8 up up ADP _ 7 swam compound:prt 9 to to ADP _ 11 surface case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 surface det 11 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 7 swam obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 breathed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe past Ichthyosaurs air vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme 2 swim up past Ichthyosaurs = ichthyosaur the surface vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to surface=Destination
Example 4 Ichthyosaurs had very large eyes for seeing in deep water.
nsubj advmod amod obj mark advcl case amod obl punct root Ichthyosaurs NOUN had VERB very ADV large ADJ eyes NOUN for SCONJ seeing VERB in ADP deep ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ichthyosaurs ichthyosaur NOUN Number=Plur 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 large advmod 4 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 5 eyes amod 5 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 6 for for SCONJ _ 7 seeing mark 7 seeing see VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 had advcl 8 in in ADP _ 10 water case 9 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 10 water amod 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 seeing obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Ichthyosaurs large eyes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient 2 see gerund Ichthyosaurs not said here deep water vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 An ichthyosaur was a sea reptile, not a fish.
det nsubj cop det compound punct advmod det conj punct root An DET ichthyosaur NOUN was AUX a DET sea NOUN reptile NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 ichthyosaur det 2 ichthyosaur ichthyosaur NOUN Number=Sing 6 reptile nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 reptile cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 reptile det 5 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 6 reptile compound 6 reptile reptile NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 fish punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 fish advmod 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 fish det 10 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 6 reptile conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 reptile punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a ichthyosaur a sea reptile and a fish tree rules
Example 6 We saw an ichthyosaur skeleton in the museum.
nsubj det compound obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB an DET ichthyosaur NOUN skeleton NOUN in ADP the DET museum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 skeleton det 4 ichthyosaur ichthyosaur NOUN Number=Sing 5 skeleton compound 5 skeleton skeleton NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 museum case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 museum det 8 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a ichthyosaur skeleton the museum vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skeleton=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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