if Who acts: something, he, ifs, you, I, threat · What happens: say, happen, mean, ask, imagine, show · To what, where: strong wish, way, excuses, you, bike, threat · Speech: someone speaks here
«if» in the school dictionary: its 8 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: if in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 If says what would happen when something else happens.
mark nsubj aux ccomp advmod nsubj advmod advcl punct root If SCONJ says VERB what PRON would AUX happen VERB when ADV something PRON else ADV happens VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 2 says mark 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 what what PRON PronType=Int 5 happen nsubj 4 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 happen aux 5 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 says ccomp 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 happens advmod 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 happens nsubj 8 else else ADV _ 7 something advmod 9 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 happen advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 happen would vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 happen present something vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
If it rains, we stay in.
mark nsubj advcl punct nsubj advmod punct root If SCONJ it PRON rains VERB , PUNCT we PRON stay VERB in ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 rains mark 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rains nsubj 3 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stay advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 rains punct 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 stay nsubj 6 stay stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 in in ADV _ 6 stay advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain a condition, not said to happen present it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 stay in present we vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 2 If means whether.
mark obj punct root If SCONJ means VERB whether SCONJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 2 means mark 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 whether whether SCONJ _ 2 means obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whether=Topic
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Ask if she can come.
mark nsubj aux ccomp punct root Ask VERB if SCONJ she PRON can AUX come VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 if if SCONJ _ 5 come mark 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 come nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 come aux 5 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Ask ccomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 come a condition, not said to happen can she vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 «What if» asks about something imagined.
punct mark punct acl:relcl case obl acl punct root « PUNCT What PRON if SCONJ » PUNCT asks VERB about ADP something PRON imagined VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 What punct 2 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 3 if if SCONJ _ 5 asks mark 4 » » PUNCT _ 5 asks punct 5 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 What acl:relcl 6 about about ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 asks obl 8 imagined imagine VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 something acl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present about something vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.topic whether S»: agent=Agent about something=Topic 2 imagine participle vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
What if pigs could fly?
mark nsubj aux advcl punct root What PRON if SCONJ pigs NOUN could AUX fly VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 if if SCONJ _ 5 fly mark 3 pigs pig NOUN Number=Plur 5 fly nsubj 4 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 fly aux 5 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 What advcl 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly could pigs vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 «If only» shows a strong wish.
punct mark advmod punct det amod obj punct root « PUNCT If SCONJ only ADV » PUNCT shows VERB a DET strong ADJ wish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 shows punct 2 If if SCONJ _ 3 only mark 3 only only ADV _ 5 shows advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 only punct 5 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 wish det 7 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 8 wish amod 8 wish wish NOUN Number=Sing 5 shows obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a strong wish vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent wish=Recipient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
If only I had a dog!
mark advmod nsubj det obj punct root If SCONJ only ADV I PRON had VERB a DET dog NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 had mark 2 only only ADV _ 4 had advmod 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 dog det 6 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I a dog vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient
Meaning 5 «As if» means as though: he acts as if he is the boss.
The tree, 13 words punct fixed mark punct case advmod punct nsubj parataxis case fixed nsubj cop det obl punct root « PUNCT As ADP if SCONJ » PUNCT means VERB as ADP though ADV : PUNCT he PRON acts VERB as ADP if SCONJ he PRON is AUX the DET boss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 if punct 2 As as ADP _ 3 if fixed 3 if if SCONJ _ 5 means mark 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 if punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 as as ADP _ 7 though case 7 though though ADV _ 5 means advmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 acts punct 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 acts nsubj 10 acts act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means parataxis 11 as as ADP ExtPos=ADP 16 boss case 12 if if SCONJ _ 11 as fixed 13 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 boss nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 boss cop 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 boss det 16 boss boss NOUN Number=Sing 10 acts obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present though property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 act present he vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is present he as the boss tree rules
Meaning 6 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«As if!» means no way; «no ifs, no buts» means no excuses; «if you say so» means I don't really believe you.
The tree, 23 words punct mark fixed punct punct det obj punct punct det nsubj punct det appos punct parataxis det obj punct punct mark nsubj conj advmod punct ccomp nsubj aux advmod advmod ccomp obj punct root « PUNCT As SCONJ if SCONJ ! PUNCT » PUNCT means VERB no DET way NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT no DET ifs NOUN , PUNCT no DET buts NOUN » PUNCT means VERB no DET excuses NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT if SCONJ you PRON say VERB so ADV » PUNCT means VERB I PRON do AUX n't PART really ADV believe VERB you PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 As punct 2 As as SCONJ _ 6 means mark 3 if if SCONJ _ 2 As fixed 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 As punct 5 » » PUNCT _ 6 means punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 way det 8 way way NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 means punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 ifs punct 11 no no DET PronType=Neg 12 ifs det 12 ifs if NOUN Number=Plur 17 means nsubj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 buts punct 14 no no DET PronType=Neg 15 buts det 15 buts but NOUN Number=Plur 12 ifs appos 16 » » PUNCT _ 15 buts punct 17 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 means parataxis 18 no no DET PronType=Neg 19 excuses det 19 excuses excuse NOUN Number=Plur 17 means obj 20 ; ; PUNCT _ 24 say punct 21 « « PUNCT _ 24 say punct 22 if if SCONJ _ 24 say mark 23 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 24 say nsubj 24 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 means conj 25 so so ADV _ 27 means advmod 26 » » PUNCT _ 27 means punct 27 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 say ccomp 28 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 32 believe nsubj 29 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 32 believe aux 30 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 32 believe advmod 31 really really ADV _ 32 believe advmod 32 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf 27 means ccomp 33 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 32 believe obj 34 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present no way vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic 2 mean present no ifs no excuses vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excuse=Topic 3 say speech: assert a condition, not said to happen, in a quote present you vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 not believe present · do-support I you vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus
Meaning 7 Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.
«If you touch my bike, you're dead» is a threat or a bluff, said to scare.
The tree, 17 words punct mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct nsubj cop csubj punct cop det nsubj cc det conj punct mark xcomp punct root « PUNCT If SCONJ you PRON touch VERB my PRON bike NOUN , PUNCT you PRON 're AUX dead ADJ » PUNCT is AUX a DET threat NOUN or CCONJ a DET bluff NOUN , PUNCT said VERB to PART scare VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 10 dead punct 2 If if SCONJ _ 4 touch mark 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 touch nsubj 4 touch touch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 dead advcl 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 bike nmod:poss 6 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 4 touch obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 touch punct 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 dead nsubj 9 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 dead cop 10 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 14 threat csubj 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 dead punct 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 threat cop 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 threat det 14 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing 19 said nsubj 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 bluff cc 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 bluff det 17 bluff bluff NOUN Number=Sing 14 threat conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 14 threat punct 19 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 20 to to PART _ 21 scare mark 21 scare scare VERB VerbForm=Inf 19 said xcomp 22 . . PUNCT _ 19 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 touch a condition, not said to happen, in a quote present you my bike vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bike=Co-Theme 2 is in a quote present you dead property tree rules 3 is a present a threat or a bluff tree rules 4 say speech: assert past a threat or a bluff vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 scare to-infinitive a threat or a bluff not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 8 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The exam voice says «provided that», «in the event that», «on condition that», «should …» («Should the price rise …»), «given that», «assuming that».
Sentence 1: The exam voice says «provided that», «in the event that», «on condition that», «should …»
The tree, 14 words det compound nsubj punct ccomp obj punct punct punct case det obl ccomp punct punct punct case appos nmod punct punct punct acl:relcl punct punct root The DET exam NOUN voice NOUN says VERB « PUNCT provided VERB that PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT in ADP the DET event NOUN that PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT on ADP condition NOUN that PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT should AUX … PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 voice det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 3 voice compound 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 provided punct 6 provided provide VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 says ccomp 7 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 provided obj 8 » » PUNCT _ 6 provided punct 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 that punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 14 that punct 11 in in ADP _ 13 event case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 event det 13 event event NOUN Number=Sing 14 that obl 14 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 says ccomp 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 that punct 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 condition punct 17 « « PUNCT _ 19 condition punct 18 on on ADP _ 19 condition case 19 condition condition NOUN Number=Sing 14 that appos 20 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 19 condition nmod 21 » » PUNCT _ 20 that punct 22 , , PUNCT _ 24 should punct 23 « « PUNCT _ 24 should punct 24 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 19 condition acl:relcl 25 … . PUNCT _ 24 should punct 26 » » PUNCT _ 19 condition punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present the exam voice vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 provide in a quote past that vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition that=Theme
Sentence 2: («Should the price rise …»), «given that», «assuming that».
The tree, 8 words punct punct aux det compound nsubj:pass punct punct punct punct punct obj punct punct punct parataxis obj punct punct root ( PUNCT « PUNCT Should AUX the DET price NOUN rise NOUN … PUNCT » PUNCT ) PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT given VERB that PRON » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT assuming VERB that PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 rise punct 2 « « PUNCT _ 6 rise punct 3 Should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 rise aux 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rise det 5 price price NOUN Number=Sing 6 rise compound 6 rise rise NOUN Number=Sing 12 given nsubj:pass 7 … . PUNCT _ 6 rise punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 6 rise punct 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 rise punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 given punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 given punct 12 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 13 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 12 given obj 14 » » PUNCT _ 12 given punct 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 assuming punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 17 assuming punct 17 assuming assume VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 given parataxis 18 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 17 assuming obj 19 » » PUNCT _ 17 assuming punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 12 given punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give in a quote participle · passive the price rise vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme 2 assume in a quote gerund that vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
Example 1 If I put one more apple on the table, how many apples will there be?
The tree, 15 words mark nsubj nummod amod obj case det obl punct advmod amod nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct root If SCONJ I PRON put VERB one NUM more ADJ apple NOUN on ADP the DET table NOUN , PUNCT how ADV many ADJ apples NOUN will AUX there ADV be AUX ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 put mark 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 put nsubj 3 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 apple nummod 5 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 apple amod 6 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 3 put obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 table case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 table det 9 table table NOUN Number=Sing 3 put obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 apples punct 11 how how ADV PronType=Int 12 many advmod 12 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 13 apples amod 13 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 16 be nsubj 14 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 be aux 15 there there ADV PronType=Dem 16 be advmod 16 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 table acl:relcl 17 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past I one more apple the table vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme on table=Destination
Example 2 If a friend gives you more, you have more: add.
mark det nsubj advcl iobj obj punct nsubj obj punct conj punct root If SCONJ a DET friend NOUN gives VERB you PRON more ADJ , PUNCT you PRON have VERB more ADJ : PUNCT add VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 gives mark 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 friend det 3 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 gives nsubj 4 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 have advcl 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 gives iobj 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 gives obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 gives punct 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 have nsubj 9 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 have obj 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 add punct 12 add add VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 have conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give a condition, not said to happen present a friend more you vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient more=Theme 2 have present you more vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient 3 add speech: assert infinitive you not said here vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
Example 3 If each bag has 5 pears, how many pears are in 4 bags?
The tree, 13 words mark det nsubj nummod obj punct advmod amod nsubj cop case nummod conj punct root If SCONJ each DET bag NOUN has VERB 5 NUM pears NOUN , PUNCT how ADV many ADJ pears NOUN are AUX in ADP 4 NUM bags NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 has mark 2 each each DET PronType=Tot 3 bag det 3 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 pears nummod 6 pears pear NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 14 bags punct 8 how how ADV PronType=Int 9 many advmod 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 pears amod 10 pears pear NOUN Number=Plur 14 bags nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 bags cop 12 in in ADP _ 14 bags case 13 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 bags nummod 14 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 6 pears conj 15 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each bag 5 pears and 4 bags vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pear=Patient 2 is present many pears 4 bags tree rules
Example 4 If it rains, we will play inside.
mark nsubj advcl punct nsubj aux advmod punct root If SCONJ it PRON rains VERB , PUNCT we PRON will AUX play VERB inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 rains mark 2 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 rains nsubj 3 rains rain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 play advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 rains punct 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 play nsubj 6 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 play aux 7 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 inside inside ADV _ 7 play advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain a condition, not said to happen present it vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 play future we inside property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 If you heat ice, it melts.
mark nsubj advcl obj punct nsubj punct root If SCONJ you PRON heat VERB ice NOUN , PUNCT it PRON melts VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 heat mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 heat nsubj 3 heat heat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 melts advcl 4 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 3 heat obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 heat punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 melts nsubj 7 melts melt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 melts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 heat a condition, not said to happen present you ice vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ice=Patient 2 melt present ice vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 Ask Mum if I can stay for dinner.
obj mark nsubj aux ccomp case obl punct root Ask VERB Mum NOUN if SCONJ I PRON can AUX stay VERB for ADP dinner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ask ask VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ask obj 3 if if SCONJ _ 6 stay mark 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 stay nsubj 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 stay aux 6 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Ask ccomp 7 for for ADP _ 8 dinner case 8 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 6 stay obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Ask punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask imperative you not said here Mum vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent mum=Recipient clause=Topic 2 stay a condition, not said to happen can I for dinner vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 What if the dog runs away?
mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root What PRON if SCONJ the DET dog NOUN runs VERB away ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 if if SCONJ _ 5 runs mark 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 dog det 4 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 5 runs nsubj 5 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What advcl 6 away away ADV _ 5 runs advmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run away present the dog away property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 If you feel sick, tell the teacher.
mark nsubj advcl xcomp punct det obj punct root If SCONJ you PRON feel VERB sick ADJ , PUNCT tell VERB the DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 feel mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 feel nsubj 3 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tell advcl 4 sick sick ADJ Degree=Pos 3 feel xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 feel punct 6 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 teacher det 8 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 6 tell obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel a condition, not said to happen present you sick property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here the teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient
Example 9 If only it was Saturday!
mark advmod nsubj cop punct root If SCONJ only ADV it PRON was AUX Saturday PROPN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 5 Saturday mark 2 only only ADV _ 5 Saturday advmod 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 Saturday nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 Saturday cop 5 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing root root 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 Saturday punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past it Saturday tree rules
Example 10 Touch my bike and you're dead.
nmod:poss obj cc nsubj cop conj punct root Touch VERB my PRON bike NOUN and CCONJ you PRON 're AUX dead ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 bike nmod:poss 3 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 1 Touch obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 7 dead cc 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 dead nsubj 6 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dead cop 7 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Touch conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 touch imperative you not said here my bike vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bike=Co-Theme 2 is present you dead property tree rules
Example 11 «I'll tidy up later.» «Yeah, if you say so.»
Sentence 1: «I'll tidy up later.»
punct nsubj aux compound:prt advmod punct punct root « PUNCT I PRON 'll AUX tidy VERB up ADP later ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 tidy punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 tidy nsubj 3 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 tidy aux 4 tidy tidy VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 up up ADP _ 4 tidy compound:prt 6 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 4 tidy advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 tidy punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 4 tidy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tidy up in a quote future I late property tree rules
Sentence 2: «Yeah, if you say so.»
punct discourse punct mark nsubj advmod punct punct root « PUNCT Yeah INTJ , PUNCT if SCONJ you PRON say VERB so ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 6 say punct 2 Yeah yeah INTJ _ 6 say discourse 3 , , PUNCT _ 6 say punct 4 if if SCONJ _ 6 say mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 say nsubj 6 say say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 so so ADV _ 6 say advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 say punct 9 » » PUNCT _ 6 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote present you vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 12 In the event that each container holds 5 pears, determine the number of pears contained within 4 such containers.
The tree, 19 words case det obl mark det nsubj acl nummod obj punct det obj case nmod acl case nummod amod obl punct root In ADP the DET event NOUN that SCONJ each DET container NOUN holds VERB 5 NUM pears NOUN , PUNCT determine VERB the DET number NOUN of ADP pears NOUN contained VERB within ADP 4 NUM such ADJ containers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 event case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 event det 3 event event NOUN Number=Sing 11 determine obl 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 holds mark 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 container det 6 container container NOUN Number=Sing 7 holds nsubj 7 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 event acl 8 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 pears nummod 9 pears pear NOUN Number=Plur 7 holds obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 3 event punct 11 determine determine VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 number det 13 number number NOUN Number=Sing 11 determine obj 14 of of ADP _ 15 pears case 15 pears pear NOUN Number=Plur 13 number nmod 16 contained contain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 pears acl 17 within within ADP _ 20 containers case 18 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 20 containers nummod 19 such such ADJ Degree=Pos 20 containers amod 20 containers container NOUN Number=Plur 16 contained obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 11 determine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present each container 5 pears vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pear=Theme 2 determine imperative you not said here the number of pears the event vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic 3 contain participle pears not said here within 4 such containers vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
Example 13 "But if I can't?" said Jack.
punct cc mark nsubj ccomp advmod punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT But CCONJ if SCONJ I PRON ca AUX n't PART ? PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB Jack PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 9 said punct 2 But but CCONJ _ 9 said cc 3 if if SCONJ _ 5 ca mark 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 ca nsubj 5 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 said ccomp 6 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 ca advmod 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 ca punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 5 ca punct 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 9 said nsubj 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Jack vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous ienext → ig↑ back to I in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/if/