impaired Who acts: hearing, impaired girl, Tiredness, fog, our, Loud music · What happens: impair, mean, weaken, damage, not work, use · To what, where: poor sight, hearing, poor hearing, something, it, judgement · Speech: someone speaks here
«impaired» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: impaired in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Impaired means weakened, damaged or not working as well as normal.
csubj xcomp punct parataxis cc advmod conj cc fixed fixed conj punct root Impaired VERB means VERB weakened VERB , PUNCT damaged VERB or CCONJ not PART working VERB as ADV well ADV as ADP normal ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Impaired impair VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means csubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 weakened weaken VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means xcomp 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 damaged punct 5 damaged damage VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means parataxis 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 working cc 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 working advmod 8 working work VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 damaged conj 9 as as ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 12 normal cc 10 well well ADV Degree=Pos 9 as fixed 11 as as ADP _ 9 as fixed 12 normal normal ADJ Degree=Pos 8 working conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 impair participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 weaken not said to happen participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 damage participle vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 5 not work gerund vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Used about the body: visually impaired means having poor sight; hearing impaired means having poor hearing.
The tree, 16 words nsubj case det obl punct advmod conj xcomp amod obj punct nsubj acl parataxis ccomp amod obj punct root Used VERB about ADP the DET body NOUN : PUNCT visually ADV impaired VERB means VERB having VERB poor ADJ sight NOUN ; PUNCT hearing NOUN impaired VERB means VERB having VERB poor ADJ hearing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 means nsubj 2 about about ADP _ 4 body case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 body det 4 body body NOUN Number=Sing 1 Used obl 5 : : PUNCT _ 7 impaired punct 6 visually visually ADV _ 7 impaired advmod 7 impaired impair VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Used conj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 means xcomp 10 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 11 sight amod 11 sight sight NOUN Number=Sing 9 having obj 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 means punct 13 hearing hearing NOUN Number=Sing 15 means nsubj 14 impaired impair VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 hearing acl 15 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 means parataxis 16 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 means ccomp 17 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 18 hearing amod 18 hearing hearing NOUN Number=Sing 16 having obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle about the body vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 impair participle visually property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 have not said to happen gerund poor sight vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sight=Patient 5 impair participle hearing not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 6 mean present hearing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 7 have gerund poor hearing vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hearing=Patient
Meaning 3 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To impair something is to damage it or make it work less well.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj cc conj obj xcomp advmod advmod punct root To PART impair VERB something PRON is AUX to PART damage VERB it PRON or CCONJ make VERB it PRON work VERB less ADV well ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 impair mark 2 impair impair VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 damage advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 impair obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 damage cop 5 to to PART _ 6 damage mark 6 damage damage VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 damage obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 make cc 9 make make VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 damage conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 make obj 11 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 make xcomp 12 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 13 well advmod 13 well well ADV Degree=Pos 11 work advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 damage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 impair to-infinitive something vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus something=Experiencer 2 is present damage property tree rules 3 make infinitive it tree rules 4 work infinitive well property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 A visually impaired girl reads with Braille.
det advmod amod nsubj case obl punct root A DET visually ADV impaired VERB girl NOUN reads VERB with ADP Braille PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 girl det 2 visually visually ADV _ 3 impaired advmod 3 impaired impair VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 girl amod 4 girl girl NOUN Number=Sing 5 reads nsubj 5 reads read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 with with ADP _ 7 Braille case 7 Braille Braille PROPN Number=Sing 5 reads obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 reads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 impair participle visually property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 read present a impaired girl with Braille vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Tiredness impaired the driver's judgement.
nsubj det nmod:poss case obj punct root Tiredness PROPN impaired VERB the DET driver NOUN 's PART judgement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tiredness Tiredness PROPN Number=Sing 2 impaired nsubj 2 impaired impair VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 driver det 4 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 6 judgement nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 driver case 6 judgement judgement NOUN Number=Sing 2 impaired obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 impaired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 impair past Tiredness the driver's judgement vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus judgement=Experiencer
Example 3 The fog impaired our view of the road.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det nmod punct root The DET fog NOUN impaired VERB our PRON view NOUN of ADP the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fog det 2 fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 3 impaired nsubj 3 impaired impair VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 view nmod:poss 5 view view NOUN Number=Sing 3 impaired obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 road case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 road det 8 road road NOUN Number=Sing 5 view nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 impaired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 impair past the fog our view of the road vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus view=Experiencer 2 view our the road nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient
Example 4 Loud music can impair your hearing over time.
amod nsubj aux nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Loud ADJ music NOUN can AUX impair VERB your PRON hearing NOUN over ADP time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 2 music amod 2 music music NOUN Number=Sing 4 impair nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 impair aux 4 impair impair VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hearing nmod:poss 6 hearing hearing NOUN Number=Sing 4 impair obj 7 over over ADP _ 8 time case 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 impair obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 impair punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 impair can Loud music your hearing time vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hearing=Experiencer 2 hear your nom hearing «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The school has ramps and lifts for pupils with impaired movement.
det nsubj obj cc conj case nmod case amod nmod punct root The DET school NOUN has VERB ramps NOUN and CCONJ lifts NOUN for ADP pupils NOUN with ADP impaired VERB movement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 school det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 ramps ramp NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 lifts cc 6 lifts lift NOUN Number=Plur 4 ramps conj 7 for for ADP _ 8 pupils case 8 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 4 ramps nmod 9 with with ADP _ 11 movement case 10 impaired impair VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 movement amod 11 movement movement NOUN Number=Sing 8 pupils nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the school ramps and lifts for pupils with impaired movement vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ramp=Patient 2 impair participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 6 His speech was impaired after the accident.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root His PRON speech NOUN was AUX impaired VERB after ADP the DET accident NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 speech nmod:poss 2 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 4 impaired nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 impaired aux:pass 4 impaired impair VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 after after ADP _ 7 accident case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 accident det 7 accident accident NOUN Number=Sing 4 impaired obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 impaired punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 impair past · passive His speech after the accident vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer 2 speak His = he nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Looking at your phone impairs your attention when crossing the road.
csubj case nmod:poss obl nmod:poss obj advmod advcl det obj punct root Looking VERB at ADP your PRON phone NOUN impairs VERB your PRON attention NOUN when ADV crossing VERB the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 impairs csubj 2 at at ADP _ 4 phone case 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 phone nmod:poss 4 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 1 Looking obl 5 impairs impair VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 attention nmod:poss 7 attention attention NOUN Number=Sing 5 impairs obj 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 crossing advmod 9 crossing cross VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 impairs advcl 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 road det 11 road road NOUN Number=Sing 9 crossing obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 impairs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look gerund at your phone vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at phone=Theme 2 impair present Looking your attention vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus attention=Experiencer 3 cross gerund Looking not said here the road vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient 4 attend your nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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