imply Who acts: one thing, another, you, I, smile, His · What happens: suggest, say, mean, be, imply, have · To what, where: something, it, square, four sides, pen, secret · Speech: someone speaks here
«imply» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: imply in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To suggest something without saying it directly.
mark obj mark advcl obj advmod punct root To PART suggest VERB something PRON without SCONJ saying VERB it PRON directly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 suggest mark 2 suggest suggest VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 suggest obj 4 without without SCONJ _ 5 saying mark 5 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 suggest advcl 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 saying obj 7 directly directly ADV _ 5 saying advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 suggest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 suggest speech: suggest to-infinitive something vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic 2 say speech: assert gerund it directly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
Are you implying I'm lazy?
aux nsubj nsubj cop ccomp punct root Are AUX you PRON implying VERB I PRON 'm AUX lazy ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 implying aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 implying nsubj 3 implying imply VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 lazy nsubj 5 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 lazy cop 6 lazy lazy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 implying ccomp 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 implying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 imply present · progressive you vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot 2 is present I lazy property tree rules
Meaning 2 Usage: logic, maths — kept apart, not parsed.
For one thing to mean that another must be true: being a square implies having four sides.
The tree, 17 words case nummod nsubj mark mark nsubj aux cop ccomp punct cop det csubj parataxis xcomp nummod obj punct root For ADP one NUM thing NOUN to PART mean VERB that SCONJ another PRON must AUX be AUX true ADJ : PUNCT being AUX a DET square NOUN implies VERB having VERB four NUM sides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 For for ADP _ 3 thing case 2 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 thing nummod 3 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 4 to to PART _ 5 mean mark 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 that that SCONJ _ 10 true mark 7 another another PRON PronType=Ind 10 true nsubj 8 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 true aux 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 true cop 10 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mean ccomp 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 implies punct 12 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 square cop 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 square det 14 square square NOUN Number=Sing 15 implies csubj 15 implies imply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mean parataxis 16 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 implies xcomp 17 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 18 sides nummod 18 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 16 having obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean to-infinitive one thing vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is must another true property tree rules 3 is a gerund a square tree rules 4 imply present vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic 5 have gerund four sides vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient
Example 1 Are you implying that I took your pen?
aux nsubj mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Are AUX you PRON implying VERB that SCONJ I PRON took VERB your PRON pen NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 implying aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 implying nsubj 3 implying imply VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 6 took mark 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 took nsubj 6 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 implying advcl 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 pen nmod:poss 8 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 6 took obj 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 implying punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 imply present · progressive you vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot 2 take past I your pen vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Theme
Example 2 His smile implied he knew the secret.
nmod:poss nsubj nsubj ccomp det obj punct root His PRON smile NOUN implied VERB he PRON knew VERB the DET secret NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 smile nmod:poss 2 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 3 implied nsubj 3 implied imply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 knew nsubj 5 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 implied ccomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 secret det 7 secret secret NOUN Number=Sing 5 knew obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 implied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 imply past His smile vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic 2 know past smile the secret vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer secret=Stimulus 3 smile His = he nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The writer implies the house is haunted without saying it.
det nsubj det nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp mark advcl obj punct root The DET writer NOUN implies VERB the DET house NOUN is AUX haunted VERB without SCONJ saying VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 writer det 2 writer writer NOUN Number=Sing 3 implies nsubj 3 implies imply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 house det 5 house house NOUN Number=Sing 7 haunted nsubj:pass 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 haunted aux:pass 7 haunted haunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 implies ccomp 8 without without SCONJ _ 9 saying mark 9 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 haunted advcl 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 saying obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 implies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 imply present the writer vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic 2 haunt present · passive the house vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer 3 say speech: assert gerund house vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
Example 4 Being a square implies having four equal sides.
cop det csubj xcomp nummod amod obj punct root Being AUX a DET square NOUN implies VERB having VERB four NUM equal ADJ sides NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 square cop 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 square det 3 square square NOUN Number=Sing 4 implies csubj 4 implies imply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 implies xcomp 6 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 sides nummod 7 equal equal ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sides amod 8 sides side NOUN Number=Plur 5 having obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 implies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a gerund a square tree rules 2 imply present vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic 3 have gerund four equal sides vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient
Example 5 Her silence implied she was upset.
nmod:poss nsubj nsubj cop ccomp punct root Her PRON silence NOUN implied VERB she PRON was AUX upset ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 silence nmod:poss 2 silence silence NOUN Number=Sing 3 implied nsubj 3 implied imply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 upset nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 upset cop 6 upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 3 implied ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 implied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 imply past Her silence vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot 2 is past silence upset property tree rules 3 silence Her = she nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 A dark sky often implies rain is coming.
det amod nsubj advmod nsubj aux ccomp punct root A DET dark ADJ sky NOUN often ADV implies VERB rain NOUN is AUX coming VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 sky det 2 dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sky amod 3 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 5 implies nsubj 4 often often ADV _ 5 implies advmod 5 implies imply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 8 coming nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 coming aux 8 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 implies ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 implies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 imply present a dark sky often property vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic 2 come present · progressive rain vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 But this is the usual attitude of the folk towards the "Good People," as indeed their euphemistic name really implies.
The tree, 20 words cc nsubj cop det amod case det nmod case det punct amod nmod punct punct mark advmod nmod:poss amod nsubj advmod advcl punct root But CCONJ this PRON is AUX the DET usual ADJ attitude NOUN of ADP the DET folk NOUN towards ADP the DET " PUNCT Good ADJ People PROPN , PUNCT " PUNCT as SCONJ indeed ADV their PRON euphemistic ADJ name NOUN really ADV implies VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 But but CCONJ _ 6 attitude cc 2 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 attitude nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 attitude cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 attitude det 5 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 6 attitude amod 6 attitude attitude NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 folk case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 folk det 9 folk folk NOUN Number=Sing 6 attitude nmod 10 towards towards ADP _ 14 People case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 People det 12 " " PUNCT _ 14 People punct 13 Good good ADJ Degree=Pos 14 People amod 14 People People PROPN Number=Plur 9 folk nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 14 People punct 16 " " PUNCT _ 14 People punct 17 as as SCONJ _ 23 implies mark 18 indeed indeed ADV _ 23 implies advmod 19 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 21 name nmod:poss 20 euphemistic euphemistic ADJ Degree=Pos 21 name amod 21 name name NOUN Number=Sing 23 implies nsubj 22 really really ADV _ 23 implies advmod 23 implies imply VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 attitude advcl 24 . . PUNCT _ 6 attitude punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present this the usual attitude of the folk towards the Good People tree rules 2 imply present People's euphemistic name indeed property vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot 3 name People nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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