improvise

Who acts: whatever, We, actors, She, He · What happens: make, do, use, be, make up, act · To what, where: something, music, spot, ball, lines, tune

«improvise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: improvise in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To make or do something without planning, using whatever is available.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 do	cc
4	do	do	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 make	conj
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 do	obj
6	without	without	ADP	_	7 planning	case
7	planning	planning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 do	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 using	punct
9	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 do	advcl
10	whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 available	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 available	cop
12	available	available	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 using	ccomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive				vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	do	infinitive		something	without planning	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
3	use	gerund				vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	whatever		available property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To make up music, words or acting on the spot, without a script.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 make	compound:prt
4	music	music	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 words	punct
6	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 music	conj
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 acting	cc
8	acting	act	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 music	conj
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 spot	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 spot	det
11	spot	spot	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 acting	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 script	punct
13	without	without	ADP	_	15 script	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 script	det
15	script	script	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make up	to-infinitive		music and words				without a script	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme music=Pivot
2	act	gerund				the spot			vn act-114-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on spot=Eventuality

Example 1

We had no ball, so we improvised with rolled-up socks.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 ball	det
4	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 improvised	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 improvised	advmod
7	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 improvised	nsubj
8	improvised	improvise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 had	conj
9	with	with	ADP	_	13 socks	case
10	rolled	roll	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 socks	amod
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 rolled	punct
12	up	up	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 socks	compound
13	socks	sock	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 improvised	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	past	We	no ball		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Patient
2	improvise	past	we		with rolled up socks	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	roll	participle				vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 2

The actors had to improvise when they forgot their lines.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 actors	det
2	actors	actor	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 improvise	mark
5	improvise	improvise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 had	xcomp
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 forgot	advmod
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 forgot	nsubj
8	forgot	forget	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 improvise	advcl
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 lines	nmod:poss
10	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 forgot	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	have	past	the actors		tree rules
2	improvise	to-infinitive	the actors not said here		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	forget	past	actors = actor	actors's lines	tree rules

Example 3

She improvised a tune on the piano.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 improvised	nsubj
2	improvised	improvise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tune	det
4	tune	tune	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 improvised	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 piano	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 piano	det
7	piano	piano	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 improvised	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 improvised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	improvise	past	She	a tune		the piano			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Result

Example 4

He improvised a splint from two rulers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 improvised	nsubj
2	improvised	improvise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 splint	det
4	splint	splint	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 improvised	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 rulers	case
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 rulers	nummod
7	rulers	ruler	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 improvised	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 improvised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	improvise	past	He	a splint		two rulers			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent splint=Result from ruler=Material

Example 5

We improvised a tent with a blanket and chairs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 improvised	nsubj
2	improvised	improvise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 tent	det
4	tent	tent	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 improvised	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 blanket	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 blanket	det
7	blanket	blanket	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 improvised	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 chairs	cc
9	chairs	chair	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 blanket	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 improvised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	improvise	past	We	a tent				with a blanket and chairs	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tent=Result

Example 6

In drama we improvised a scene at the bus stop.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 drama	case
2	drama	drama	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 improvised	obl
3	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 improvised	nsubj
4	improvised	improvise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 scene	det
6	scene	scene	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 improvised	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	10 stop	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 stop	det
9	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 stop	compound
10	stop	stop	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 improvised	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 improvised	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	improvise	past	we	a scene		drama		at the bus stop	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scene=Result

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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