incandescence Who acts: light, old light bulb, wire, Red hot iron, blacksmith, LED bulbs · What happens: give off, be, glow, burn, shine, get · To what, where: light, lava, incandescence, less heat, tiny soot bits, sparkler
«incandescence» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: incandescence in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
The light given off by something because it is very hot, like a glowing metal wire or lava.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj acl compound:prt case obl case nmod cop advmod punct case det amod compound parataxis cc conj punct root The DET light NOUN given VERB off ADP by ADP something PRON because ADP it PRON is AUX very ADV hot ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET glowing VERB metal NOUN wire NOUN or CCONJ lava NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 light det 2 light light NOUN Number=Sing 11 hot nsubj 3 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 light acl 4 off off ADP _ 3 given compound:prt 5 by by ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 given obl 7 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 8 it case 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 something nmod 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 hot cop 10 very very ADV _ 11 hot advmod 11 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos root root 12 , , PUNCT _ 17 wire punct 13 like like ADP _ 17 wire case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 wire det 15 glowing glow VERB VerbForm=Ger 17 wire amod 16 metal metal NOUN Number=Sing 17 wire compound 17 wire wire NOUN Number=Sing 11 hot parataxis 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 lava cc 19 lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 17 wire conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 11 hot punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give off participle the light not said here by something vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source 2 is present the light hot property tree rules 3 glow gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: literary — kept apart, not parsed.
A strong bright glow or a burning strong feeling.
det amod amod cc det amod amod conj punct root A DET strong ADJ bright ADJ glow NOUN or CCONJ a DET burning VERB strong ADJ feeling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 glow det 2 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 4 glow amod 3 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 4 glow amod 4 glow glow NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 9 feeling cc 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 feeling det 7 burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 feeling amod 8 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feeling amod 9 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 4 glow conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 glow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 An old light bulb shines by incandescence when its wire gets white-hot.
The tree, 13 words det amod compound nsubj case obl advmod nmod:poss nsubj advcl amod punct xcomp punct root An DET old ADJ light NOUN bulb NOUN shines VERB by ADP incandescence NOUN when ADV its PRON wire NOUN gets VERB white ADJ - PUNCT hot ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 bulb det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 bulb amod 3 light light NOUN Number=Sing 4 bulb compound 4 bulb bulb NOUN Number=Sing 5 shines nsubj 5 shines shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 by by ADP _ 7 incandescence case 7 incandescence incandescence NOUN Number=Sing 5 shines obl 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 11 gets advmod 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 wire nmod:poss 10 wire wire NOUN Number=Sing 11 gets nsubj 11 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shines advcl 12 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 14 hot amod 13 - - PUNCT _ 12 white punct 14 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 11 gets xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 shines punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine present a old light bulb by incandescence vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by incandescence=Location 2 get present bulb's wire hot property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 2 The incandescence of the lava lit up the night.
det case det nmod acl compound:prt det obl:unmarked punct root The DET incandescence NOUN of ADP the DET lava NOUN lit VERB up ADP the DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 incandescence det 2 incandescence incandescence NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 lava case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 lava det 5 lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 2 incandescence nmod 6 lit lit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 lava acl 7 up up ADP _ 6 lit compound:prt 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 night det 9 night night NOUN Number=Sing 6 lit obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 incandescence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lit up participle the lava not said here night tree rules 2 incandesce the lava nom incandescence «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 3 Red-hot iron in the blacksmith's fire shows incandescence.
amod punct amod nsubj case det nmod:poss case nmod obj punct root Red ADJ - PUNCT hot ADJ iron NOUN in ADP the DET blacksmith NOUN 's PART fire NOUN shows VERB incandescence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Red red ADJ Degree=Pos 4 iron amod 2 - - PUNCT _ 1 Red punct 3 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 iron amod 4 iron iron NOUN Number=Sing 10 shows nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 9 fire case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 blacksmith det 7 blacksmith blacksmith NOUN Number=Sing 9 fire nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 blacksmith case 9 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 4 iron nmod 10 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 incandescence incandescence NOUN Number=Sing 10 shows obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present Red hot iron in the blacksmith's fire incandescence vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent incandescence=Recipient 2 fire the blacksmith nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 LED bulbs don't use incandescence, so they waste less heat.
compound nsubj aux advmod obj punct advmod nsubj parataxis amod obj punct root LED NOUN bulbs NOUN do AUX n't PART use VERB incandescence NOUN , PUNCT so ADV they PRON waste VERB less ADJ heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 LED led NOUN Number=Sing 2 bulbs compound 2 bulbs bulb NOUN Number=Plur 5 use nsubj 3 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 use aux 4 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 5 use advmod 5 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 incandescence incandescence NOUN Number=Sing 5 use obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 waste punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 waste advmod 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 waste nsubj 10 waste waste VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 use parataxis 11 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 heat amod 12 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 10 waste obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use present · do-support LED bulbs incandescence vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incandescence=Patient 2 waste present bulbs = bulb less heat vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient
Example 5 The candle flame glows by incandescence of tiny soot bits.
det compound nsubj case obl case amod compound nmod punct root The DET candle NOUN flame NOUN glows VERB by ADP incandescence NOUN of ADP tiny ADJ soot NOUN bits NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 flame det 2 candle candle NOUN Number=Sing 3 flame compound 3 flame flame NOUN Number=Sing 4 glows nsubj 4 glows glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 incandescence case 6 incandescence incandescence NOUN Number=Sing 4 glows obl 7 of of ADP _ 10 bits case 8 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 10 bits amod 9 soot soot NOUN Number=Sing 10 bits compound 10 bits bit NOUN Number=Plur 6 incandescence nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 glows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glow present the candle flame by incandescence of tiny soot bits vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by incandescence=Location 2 incandesce tiny soot bits nom incandescence «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 The incandescence of the sparkler lit up our faces on Bonfire Night.
det nsubj:pass case det nmod compound:prt nmod:poss obj case compound obl:agent punct root The DET incandescence NOUN of ADP the DET sparkler NOUN lit VERB up ADP our PRON faces NOUN on ADP Bonfire PROPN Night PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 incandescence det 2 incandescence incandescence NOUN Number=Sing 6 lit nsubj:pass 3 of of ADP _ 5 sparkler case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sparkler det 5 sparkler sparkler NOUN Number=Sing 2 incandescence nmod 6 lit lit VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 up up ADP _ 6 lit compound:prt 8 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 faces nmod:poss 9 faces face NOUN Number=Plur 6 lit obj 10 on on ADP _ 12 Night case 11 Bonfire Bonfire PROPN Number=Sing 12 Night compound 12 Night Night PROPN Number=Sing 6 lit obl:agent 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 lit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lit up participle · passive Bonfire Night the incandescence of the sparkler tree rules 2 incandesce the sparkler nom incandescence «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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