incontrovertibly Who acts: way, facts, video, ball, experiment, plants · What happens: argue, prove, be, show, cross, need · To what, where: line, that, thief, us, test, last biscuit · Speech: someone speaks here
«incontrovertibly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: incontrovertibly in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
In a way that nobody can argue against or prove wrong, because the facts are completely clear.
The tree, 17 words case det nsubj nsubj aux acl:relcl obl cc conj xcomp punct mark det nsubj cop advmod conj punct root In ADP a DET way NOUN that PRON nobody PRON can AUX argue VERB against ADP or CCONJ prove VERB wrong ADJ , PUNCT because SCONJ the DET facts NOUN are AUX completely ADV clear ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 way case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 way det 3 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 argue nsubj 5 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 7 argue nsubj 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 argue aux 7 argue argue VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 way acl:relcl 8 against against ADP _ 7 argue obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 prove cc 10 prove prove VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 argue conj 11 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 10 prove xcomp 12 , , PUNCT _ 18 clear punct 13 because because SCONJ _ 18 clear mark 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 facts det 15 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 18 clear nsubj 16 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 clear cop 17 completely completely ADV _ 18 clear advmod 18 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 7 argue conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 argue speech: disagree can a way vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 prove infinitive a way not said here wrong property vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 3 is present the facts clear, completely property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Without any possible doubt; certainly.
case det amod punct advmod punct root Without ADP any DET possible ADJ doubt NOUN ; PUNCT certainly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Without without ADP _ 4 doubt case 2 any any DET PronType=Ind 4 doubt det 3 possible possible ADJ Degree=Pos 4 doubt amod 4 doubt doubt NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 4 doubt punct 6 certainly certainly ADV _ 4 doubt advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 doubt punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 The video incontrovertibly showed that the ball crossed the line.
det nsubj advmod mark det nsubj ccomp det obj punct root The DET video NOUN incontrovertibly ADV showed VERB that SCONJ the DET ball NOUN crossed VERB the DET line NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 video det 2 video video NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 3 incontrovertibly incontrovertibly ADV _ 4 showed advmod 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 that that SCONJ _ 8 crossed mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ball det 7 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 8 crossed nsubj 8 crossed cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 showed ccomp 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 line det 10 line line NOUN Number=Sing 8 crossed obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the video incontrovertibly property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cross past the ball the line vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient
Example 2 The experiment proved incontrovertibly that plants need light to grow.
det nsubj advmod obj nsubj ccomp obj mark acl punct root The DET experiment NOUN proved VERB incontrovertibly ADV that PRON plants NOUN need VERB light NOUN to PART grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 experiment det 2 experiment experiment NOUN Number=Sing 3 proved nsubj 3 proved prove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 incontrovertibly incontrovertibly ADV _ 3 proved advmod 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 need obj 6 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 need nsubj 7 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 proved ccomp 8 light light NOUN Number=Sing 7 need obj 9 to to PART _ 10 grow mark 10 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 light acl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 proved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 prove past the experiment incontrovertibly property vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 need present plants that tree rules 3 grow to-infinitive plants not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The fingerprints incontrovertibly linked the thief to the broken window.
det nsubj advmod det obj case det amod obl punct root The DET fingerprints NOUN incontrovertibly ADV linked VERB the DET thief NOUN to ADP the DET broken ADJ window NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fingerprints det 2 fingerprints fingerprint NOUN Number=Plur 4 linked nsubj 3 incontrovertibly incontrovertibly ADV _ 4 linked advmod 4 linked link VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 thief det 6 thief thief NOUN Number=Sing 4 linked obj 7 to to ADP _ 10 window case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 window det 9 broken broken ADJ Degree=Pos 10 window amod 10 window window NOUN Number=Sing 4 linked obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 linked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 link past the fingerprints the thief to the broken window; incontrovertibly property vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent thief=Patient to window=Co-Patient
Example 4 It is incontrovertibly true that 2 + 2 = 4.
nsubj cop advmod mark obl cc conj case nmod punct root It PRON is AUX incontrovertibly ADV true ADJ that SCONJ 2 NUM + SYM 2 NUM = SYM 4 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 true nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 true cop 3 incontrovertibly incontrovertibly ADV _ 4 true advmod 4 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 that that SCONJ _ 6 2 mark 6 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 true obl 7 + + SYM _ 8 2 cc 8 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 2 conj 9 = = SYM _ 10 4 case 10 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 2 nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It 2 = 4 obl ; incontrovertibly, true property tree rules
Example 5 The results were incontrovertibly clear, so the teacher did not ask us to repeat the test.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop advmod punct advmod det nsubj aux advmod parataxis iobj mark xcomp det obj punct root The DET results NOUN were AUX incontrovertibly ADV clear ADJ , PUNCT so ADV the DET teacher NOUN did AUX not PART ask VERB us PRON to PART repeat VERB the DET test NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 results det 2 results result NOUN Number=Plur 5 clear nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 clear cop 4 incontrovertibly incontrovertibly ADV _ 5 clear advmod 5 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 12 ask punct 7 so so ADV _ 12 ask advmod 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 teacher det 9 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 12 ask nsubj 10 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 ask aux 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 ask advmod 12 ask ask VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 clear parataxis 13 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 ask iobj 14 to to PART _ 15 repeat mark 15 repeat repeat VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 ask xcomp 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 test det 17 test test NOUN Number=Sing 15 repeat obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 clear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the results clear, incontrovertibly property tree rules 2 not ask speech: ask past · do-support the teacher us vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 3 repeat not said to happen to-infinitive the teacher not said here the test vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality
Example 6 «You took the last biscuit,» said Mum, «and the crumbs prove it incontrovertibly.»
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj ccomp det amod obj punct punct nsubj punct punct cc det nsubj parataxis obj advmod punct punct root « PUNCT You PRON took VERB the DET last ADJ biscuit NOUN , PUNCT » PUNCT said VERB Mum NOUN , PUNCT « PUNCT and CCONJ the DET crumbs NOUN prove VERB it PRON incontrovertibly ADV . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 took punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 took nsubj 3 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 said ccomp 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 biscuit det 5 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 6 biscuit amod 6 biscuit biscuit NOUN Number=Sing 3 took obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 took punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 3 took punct 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 9 said nsubj 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 prove punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 16 prove punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 prove cc 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 crumbs det 15 crumbs crumb NOUN Number=Plur 16 prove nsubj 16 prove prove VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 said parataxis 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 prove obj 18 incontrovertibly incontrovertibly ADV _ 16 prove advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 9 said punct 20 » » PUNCT _ 9 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take in a quote past You the last biscuit vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Theme 2 say speech: assert past Mum vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 prove in a quote present the crumbs biscuit incontrovertibly property vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 7 Scientists have shown incontrovertibly that the Earth goes round the Sun.
nsubj aux advmod mark det nsubj advcl case det obl root Scientists NOUN have AUX shown VERB incontrovertibly ADV that SCONJ the DET Earth PROPN goes VERB round ADP the DET Sun. PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 3 shown nsubj 2 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 shown aux 3 shown show VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 incontrovertibly incontrovertibly ADV _ 3 shown advmod 5 that that SCONJ _ 8 goes mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Earth det 7 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 8 goes nsubj 8 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 shown advcl 9 round round ADP _ 11 Sun. case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Sun. det 11 Sun. Sunday PROPN Number=Sing 8 goes obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present · perfect Scientists incontrovertibly property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 go present the Earth sunday vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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