incumbent Who acts: incumbent, person, you, incumbent mayor, challenger, It · What happens: be, hold, mean, do, charge, stand · To what, where: person, official job, duty, incumbent, something, priest
«incumbent» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: incumbent in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The incumbent is the person who holds an official job right now, such as a president, mayor or member of parliament.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl det amod obj advmod advmod punct case fixed det conj punct conj cc conj case nmod punct root The DET incumbent NOUN is AUX the DET person NOUN who PRON holds VERB an DET official ADJ job NOUN right ADV now ADV , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET president NOUN , PUNCT mayor NOUN or CCONJ member NOUN of ADP parliament NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 incumbent det 2 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 holds nsubj 7 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 job det 9 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 10 job amod 10 job job NOUN Number=Sing 7 holds obj 11 right right ADV _ 12 now advmod 12 now now ADV PronType=Dem 7 holds advmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 president punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 president case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 president det 17 president president NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 mayor punct 19 mayor mayor NOUN Number=Sing 17 president conj 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 member cc 21 member member NOUN Number=Sing 17 president conj 22 of of ADP _ 23 parliament case 23 parliament parliament NOUN Number=Sing 21 member nmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the incumbent the person and a president and mayor or member of parliament tree rules 2 hold present the person and a president and mayor or member of parliament a official job now vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Incumbent on or upon you means it is your duty: if it is incumbent on you to do something, you must do it.
The tree, 23 words nsubj case cc conj nmod nsubj cop nmod:poss obj punct mark nsubj cop appos case nmod mark acl obj punct nsubj aux conj obj punct root Incumbent NOUN on ADP or CCONJ upon ADP you PRON means VERB it PRON is AUX your PRON duty NOUN : PUNCT if SCONJ it PRON is AUX incumbent NOUN on ADP you PRON to PART do VERB something PRON , PUNCT you PRON must AUX do VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 2 on on ADP _ 5 you case 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 upon cc 4 upon upon ADP _ 2 on conj 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 Incumbent nmod 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 duty nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 duty cop 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 duty nmod:poss 10 duty duty NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 incumbent punct 12 if if SCONJ _ 15 incumbent mark 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 incumbent nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 incumbent cop 15 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 10 duty appos 16 on on ADP _ 17 you case 17 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 incumbent nmod 18 to to PART _ 19 do mark 19 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 incumbent acl 20 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 19 do obj 21 , , PUNCT _ 24 do punct 22 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 24 do nsubj 23 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 24 do aux 24 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means conj 25 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 24 do obj 26 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Incumbent on you vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Incumbent your duty tree rules 3 is a a condition, not said to happen present Incumbent incumbent on you tree rules 4 do to-infinitive Incumbent not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 5 do must you Incumbent vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.
The incumbent of a parish is the priest or vicar in charge of it.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case det nmod cop det cc conj case nmod case nmod punct root The DET incumbent NOUN of ADP a DET parish NOUN is AUX the DET priest NOUN or CCONJ vicar NOUN in ADP charge NOUN of ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 incumbent det 2 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 8 priest nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 parish case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 parish det 5 parish parish NOUN Number=Sing 2 incumbent nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 priest cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 priest det 8 priest priest NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 vicar cc 10 vicar vicar NOUN Number=Sing 8 priest conj 11 in in ADP _ 12 charge case 12 charge charge NOUN Number=Sing 10 vicar nmod 13 of of ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 charge nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 8 priest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the incumbent of a parish the priest or vicar in charge of charge tree rules 2 charge charge nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 The incumbent mayor is standing for election again.
det compound nsubj aux case obl advmod punct root The DET incumbent NOUN mayor NOUN is AUX standing VERB for ADP election NOUN again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mayor det 2 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 3 mayor compound 3 mayor mayor NOUN Number=Sing 5 standing nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 standing aux 5 standing stand VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 election case 7 election election NOUN Number=Sing 5 standing obl 8 again again ADV _ 5 standing advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 standing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand present · progressive the incumbent mayor again for election vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for election=Attribute
Example 2 The challenger beat the incumbent by two hundred votes.
det nsubj det obj case compound nummod obl punct root The DET challenger NOUN beat VERB the DET incumbent NOUN by ADP two NUM hundred NUM votes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 challenger det 2 challenger challenger NOUN Number=Sing 3 beat nsubj 3 beat beat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 incumbent det 5 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 3 beat obj 6 by by ADP _ 9 votes case 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 hundred compound 8 hundred hundred NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 votes nummod 9 votes vote NOUN Number=Plur 3 beat obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 beat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beat past the challenger the incumbent by hundred votes vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location incumbent=Theme
Example 3 It is incumbent upon every visitor to sign the book at the front desk.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop case det obl mark advcl det obj case det amod nmod punct root It PRON is AUX incumbent ADJ upon ADP every DET visitor NOUN to PART sign VERB the DET book NOUN at ADP the DET front ADJ desk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 incumbent nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 incumbent cop 3 incumbent incumbent ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 upon upon ADP _ 6 visitor case 5 every every DET PronType=Tot 6 visitor det 6 visitor visitor NOUN Number=Sing 3 incumbent obl 7 to to PART _ 8 sign mark 8 sign sign VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 incumbent advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 book det 10 book book NOUN Number=Sing 8 sign obj 11 at at ADP _ 14 desk case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 desk det 13 front front ADJ Degree=Pos 14 desk amod 14 desk desk NOUN Number=Sing 10 book nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 incumbent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It upon every visitor; incumbent property tree rules 2 sign to-infinitive the book the front desk vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent book=Theme at desk=Destination
Example 4 The incumbent president gave a speech on television.
det compound nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET incumbent NOUN president NOUN gave VERB a DET speech NOUN on ADP television NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 president det 2 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 3 president compound 3 president president NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave nsubj 4 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 speech det 6 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave obj 7 on on ADP _ 8 television case 8 television television NOUN Number=Sing 4 gave obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the incumbent president a speech television vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent speech=Theme on television=Asset
Example 5 The parish has had the same incumbent for many years.
det nsubj aux det amod obj case amod obl punct root The DET parish NOUN has AUX had VERB the DET same ADJ incumbent NOUN for ADP many ADJ years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 parish det 2 parish parish NOUN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 had aux 4 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 incumbent det 6 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 7 incumbent amod 7 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 8 for for ADP _ 10 years case 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 years amod 10 years year NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · perfect the parish the same incumbent year vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent incumbent=Patient
Example 6 As class captain, it was incumbent on Mia to help new pupils.
case compound obl punct nsubj cop case nmod mark acl amod obj punct root As ADP class NOUN captain NOUN , PUNCT it PRON was AUX incumbent NOUN on ADP Mia PROPN to PART help VERB new ADJ pupils NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 captain case 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 captain compound 3 captain captain NOUN Number=Sing 7 incumbent obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 captain punct 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 incumbent nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 incumbent cop 7 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 on on ADP _ 9 Mia case 9 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 7 incumbent nmod 10 to to PART _ 11 help mark 11 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 incumbent acl 12 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 13 pupils amod 13 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 11 help obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 incumbent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past captain incumbent Mia as class captain tree rules 2 help to-infinitive new pupils vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Beneficiary
Example 7 Voters were unhappy with the incumbent government.
nsubj cop case det compound obl punct root Voters NOUN were AUX unhappy ADJ with ADP the DET incumbent NOUN government NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Voters voter NOUN Number=Plur 3 unhappy nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 unhappy cop 3 unhappy unhappy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 with with ADP _ 7 government case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 government det 6 incumbent incumbent NOUN Number=Sing 7 government compound 7 government government NOUN Number=Sing 3 unhappy obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 unhappy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Voters with the incumbent government; unhappy property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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