incur Who acts: you, someone, Late books, company, We, bus · What happens: have, happen, do, anger, become, pay · To what, where: something, you, money, costs, debts, fine
«incur» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: incur in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To have something bad happen to you because of what you did, such as a cost, a fine, a loss or someone's anger.
The tree, 24 words mark advcl obj amod case obl case fixed obl nsubj acl:relcl punct case fixed det obl punct det amod punct det parataxis cc nmod:poss case conj punct root To PART have VERB something PRON bad ADJ happen VERB to ADP you PRON because ADP of ADP what PRON you PRON did VERB , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET cost NOUN , PUNCT a DET fine ADJ , PUNCT a DET loss NOUN or CCONJ someone PRON 's PART anger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 have mark 2 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 happen advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 have obj 4 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 3 something amod 5 happen happen VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to ADP _ 7 you case 7 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 happen obl 8 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 10 what case 9 of of ADP _ 8 because fixed 10 what what PRON PronType=Rel 5 happen obl 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 did nsubj 12 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 what acl:relcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 cost punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 cost case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 cost det 17 cost cost NOUN Number=Sing 5 happen obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 20 fine punct 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 fine det 20 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 17 cost amod 21 , , PUNCT _ 23 loss punct 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 loss det 23 loss loss NOUN Number=Sing 20 fine parataxis 24 or or CCONJ _ 27 anger cc 25 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 27 anger nmod:poss 26 's 's PART _ 25 someone case 27 anger anger NOUN Number=Sing 23 loss conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 happen punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have to-infinitive you not said here something vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient 2 happen imperative you not said here you such a cost vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 do past you vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 anger someone nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To become responsible for paying money (incur costs, incur debts).
mark xcomp mark advcl obj punct parataxis obj punct conj obj punct punct root To PART become VERB responsible ADJ for SCONJ paying VERB money NOUN ( PUNCT incur VERB costs NOUN , PUNCT incur VERB debts NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 become mark 2 become become VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 responsible responsible ADJ Degree=Pos 2 become xcomp 4 for for SCONJ _ 5 paying mark 5 paying pay VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 responsible advcl 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 5 paying obj 7 ( ( PUNCT _ 8 incur punct 8 incur incur VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 become parataxis 9 costs cost NOUN Number=Plur 8 incur obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 incur punct 11 incur incur VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 incur conj 12 debts debt NOUN Number=Plur 11 incur obj 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 8 incur punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 become punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become to-infinitive responsible property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 pay gerund money vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset 3 incur infinitive costs tree rules 4 incur present debts tree rules
Example 1 Late books will incur a fine of 10 cents a day.
amod nsubj aux det obj case nummod nmod det nmod:unmarked punct root Late ADJ books NOUN will AUX incur VERB a DET fine NOUN of ADP 10 NUM cents NOUN a DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Late late ADJ Degree=Pos 2 books amod 2 books book NOUN Number=Plur 4 incur nsubj 3 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 incur aux 4 incur incur VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fine det 6 fine fine NOUN Number=Sing 4 incur obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 cents case 8 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 cents nummod 9 cents cent NOUN Number=Plur 6 fine nmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 day det 11 day day NOUN Number=Sing 9 cents nmod:unmarked 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 incur punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 incur future Late books a fine of 10 cents a day tree rules 2 fine 10 cents a day nom fine «possession transitive»: of=patient
Example 2 The company incurred a loss.
det nsubj det obj punct root The DET company NOUN incurred VERB a DET loss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 company det 2 company company NOUN Number=Sing 3 incurred nsubj 3 incurred incur VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 loss det 5 loss loss NOUN Number=Sing 3 incurred obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 incurred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 incur past the company a loss tree rules
Example 3 We incurred extra costs because the bus broke down.
nsubj amod obj mark det nsubj advcl compound:prt punct root We PRON incurred VERB extra ADJ costs NOUN because SCONJ the DET bus NOUN broke VERB down ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 incurred nsubj 2 incurred incur VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 4 costs amod 4 costs cost NOUN Number=Plur 2 incurred obj 5 because because SCONJ _ 8 broke mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bus det 7 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 8 broke nsubj 8 broke break VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 incurred advcl 9 down down ADP _ 8 broke compound:prt 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 incurred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 incur past We extra costs tree rules 2 break down past the bus vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 He incurred his teacher's anger by talking.
nsubj nmod:poss nmod:poss case obj mark advcl punct root He PRON incurred VERB his PRON teacher NOUN 's PART anger NOUN by SCONJ talking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 incurred nsubj 2 incurred incur VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 teacher nmod:poss 4 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 6 anger nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 teacher case 6 anger anger NOUN Number=Sing 2 incurred obj 7 by by SCONJ _ 8 talking mark 8 talking talk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 incurred advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 incurred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 incur past He his teacher's anger tree rules 2 talk gerund He not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 anger his teacher nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 You may incur a charge if you cancel.
nsubj aux det obj mark nsubj advcl punct root You PRON may AUX incur VERB a DET charge NOUN if SCONJ you PRON cancel VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 incur nsubj 2 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 incur aux 3 incur incur VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 charge det 5 charge charge NOUN Number=Sing 3 incur obj 6 if if SCONJ _ 8 cancel mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 cancel nsubj 8 cancel cancel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 incur advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 incur punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 incur may You a charge tree rules 2 cancel a condition, not said to happen present you tree rules
Example 6 They incurred debts buying the house.
nsubj obj acl det obj punct root They PRON incurred VERB debts NOUN buying VERB the DET house NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 incurred nsubj 2 incurred incur VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 debts debt NOUN Number=Plur 2 incurred obj 4 buying buy VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 debts acl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 house det 6 house house NOUN Number=Sing 4 buying obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 incurred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 incur past They debts tree rules 2 buy gerund debts not said here the house vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme
Example 7 Demeter exercised great severity towards those who incurred her displeasure.
nsubj amod obj case obl nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj punct root Demeter PROPN exercised VERB great ADJ severity NOUN towards ADP those PRON who PRON incurred VERB her PRON displeasure NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Demeter Demeter PROPN Number=Sing 2 exercised nsubj 2 exercised exercise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 4 severity amod 4 severity severity NOUN Number=Sing 2 exercised obj 5 towards towards ADP _ 6 those case 6 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 2 exercised obl 7 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 incurred nsubj 8 incurred incur VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 those acl:relcl 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 displeasure nmod:poss 10 displeasure displeasure NOUN Number=Sing 8 incurred obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 exercised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 exercise past Demeter great severity towards those vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent severity=Patient 2 incur past Demeter's displeasure tree rules 3 displease Demeter nom displeasure «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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