independently Who acts: country, you, She, Two inventors, light, little brother · What happens: connect, affect, rule, not rule, work, learn · To what, where: country, question, Ireland
«independently» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: independently in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 On your own, without help from others.
case nmod:poss punct case conj case nmod punct root On ADP your PRON own ADJ , PUNCT without ADP help NOUN from ADP others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 own case 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 own nmod:poss 3 own own ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 help punct 5 without without ADP _ 6 help case 6 help help NOUN Number=Sing 3 own conj 7 from from ADP _ 8 others case 8 others other NOUN Number=Plur 6 help nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 own punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 2 Separately; without being connected to or affected by something else.
advmod punct mark aux:pass obl cc conj case obl:agent advmod punct root Separately ADV ; PUNCT without SCONJ being AUX connected VERB to ADP or CCONJ affected VERB by ADP something PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Separately separately ADV _ 5 connected advmod 2 ; ; PUNCT _ 1 Separately punct 3 without without SCONJ _ 5 connected mark 4 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 connected aux:pass 5 connected connect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to ADP _ 5 connected obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 affected cc 8 affected affect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 connected conj 9 by by ADP _ 10 something case 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 affected obl:agent 11 else else ADV _ 10 something advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 connected punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 connect gerund · passive separately property vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V» 2 affect participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 Of a country: ruling itself, not ruled by another country.
case det punct acl obj punct advmod conj case det obl punct root Of ADP a DET country NOUN : PUNCT ruling VERB itself PRON , PUNCT not PART ruled VERB by ADP another DET country NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Of of ADP _ 3 country case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 country det 3 country country NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 5 ruling punct 5 ruling rule VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 country acl 6 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 5 ruling obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 ruled punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 ruled advmod 9 ruled rule VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 ruling conj 10 by by ADP _ 12 country case 11 another another DET PronType=Ind 12 country det 12 country country NOUN Number=Sing 9 ruled obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 country punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rule gerund a country not said here country vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme 2 not rule participle a country not said here by another country vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Please work independently for ten minutes.
discourse advmod case nummod obl punct root Please INTJ work VERB independently ADV for ADP ten NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 work discourse 2 work work VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 independently independently ADV _ 2 work advmod 4 for for ADP _ 6 minutes case 5 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 minutes nummod 6 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 work obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work imperative you not said here minute independently property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 She learned to read independently.
nsubj mark xcomp advmod punct root She PRON learned VERB to PART read VERB independently ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 read mark 4 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 learned xcomp 5 independently independently ADV _ 4 read advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past She vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 read to-infinitive She not said here independently property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Two inventors independently came up with the same idea.
nummod nsubj advmod advmod case det amod obl punct root Two NUM inventors NOUN independently ADV came VERB up ADV with ADP the DET same ADJ idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 inventors nummod 2 inventors inventor NOUN Number=Plur 4 came nsubj 3 independently independently ADV _ 4 came advmod 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 up up ADV _ 4 came advmod 6 with with ADP _ 9 idea case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 idea det 8 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 9 idea amod 9 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 4 came obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come up past Two inventors with the same idea; independently property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Each light works independently of the others.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root Each DET light NOUN works VERB independently ADV of ADP the DET others NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 light det 2 light light NOUN Number=Sing 3 works nsubj 3 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 independently independently ADV _ 3 works advmod 5 of of ADP _ 7 others case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 others det 7 others other NOUN Number=Plur 3 works obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present each light of the others; independently property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 My little brother can now dress independently.
nmod:poss amod nsubj aux advmod advmod punct root My PRON little ADJ brother NOUN can AUX now ADV dress VERB independently ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 6 dress nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 dress aux 5 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 dress advmod 6 dress dress VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 independently independently ADV _ 6 dress advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 dress punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dress can My little brother now independently property vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The country has governed itself independently for many years.
det nsubj:pass aux obj advmod case amod obl punct root The DET country NOUN has AUX governed VERB itself PRON independently ADV for ADP many ADJ years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 country det 2 country country NOUN Number=Sing 4 governed nsubj:pass 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 governed aux 4 governed govern VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 4 governed obj 6 independently independently ADV _ 4 governed advmod 7 for for ADP _ 9 years case 8 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 9 years amod 9 years year NOUN Number=Plur 4 governed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 governed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 govern present · perfect · passive the country year independently property tree rules
Example 7 The question is whether the method was adopted independently in Ireland, or was due to foreign influences.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj:pass cop mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case obl punct cc cop case fixed amod obl punct root The DET question NOUN is AUX whether SCONJ the DET method NOUN was AUX adopted VERB independently ADV in ADP Ireland PROPN , PUNCT or CCONJ was AUX due ADJ to ADP foreign ADJ influences NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 question det 2 question question NOUN Number=Sing 8 adopted nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 adopted cop 4 whether whether SCONJ _ 8 adopted mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 method det 6 method method NOUN Number=Sing 8 adopted nsubj:pass 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 adopted aux:pass 8 adopted adopt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 independently independently ADV _ 8 adopted advmod 10 in in ADP _ 11 Ireland case 11 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 8 adopted obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 18 influences punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 18 influences cc 14 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 18 influences cop 15 due due ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 18 influences case 16 to to ADP _ 15 due fixed 17 foreign foreign ADJ Degree=Pos 18 influences amod 18 influences influence NOUN Number=Plur 8 adopted obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 8 adopted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present · passive the question Ireland adopt, independently property tree rules 2 is past due foreign influences tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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