infest
Who acts: creatures, Rats, Robbers, Fleas · What happens: infest, be · To what, where: place, problem, old barn, forest, mountain road, bed
«infest» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: infest in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
To infest a place is to fill it with many pests or harmful creatures, so that they are a problem.
The tree, 20 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 infest | mark |
| 2 | infest | infest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 fill | advcl |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 place | det |
| 4 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 infest | obj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 fill | cop |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 fill | mark |
| 7 | fill | fill | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 fill | obj |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 pests | case |
| 10 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 pests | amod |
| 11 | pests | pest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 fill | obl |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 creatures | cc |
| 13 | harmful | harmful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 creatures | amod |
| 14 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 pests | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 problem | punct |
| 16 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 21 problem | mark |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 so | fixed |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 problem | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 problem | cop |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 problem | det |
| 21 | problem | problem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fill | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 fill | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | infest | to-infinitive | a place | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme place=Destination | |||||
| 2 | is | present | with many pests or harmful creatures; fill property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | is a | present | creatures = creature | a problem | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1
Rats infested the old barn.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rats | rat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 infested | nsubj |
| 2 | infested | infest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 barn | det |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 barn | amod |
| 5 | barn | barn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 infested | obj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 infested | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | infest | past | Rats | the old barn | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme barn=Destination |
Example 2
The forest was infested with wolves.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 forest | det |
| 2 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 infested | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 infested | aux:pass |
| 4 | infested | infest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 wolves | case |
| 6 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 infested | obl |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 infested | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | infest | past · passive | the forest | with wolves | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with wolf=Theme |
Example 3
Robbers infested the mountain road.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Robbers | robber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 infested | nsubj |
| 2 | infested | infest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 road | det |
| 4 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 road | compound |
| 5 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 infested | obj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 infested | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | infest | past | Robbers | the mountain road | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme road=Destination |
Example 4
Fleas infested the dog's bed.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fleas | flea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 infested | nsubj |
| 2 | infested | infest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 dog | det |
| 4 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bed | nmod:poss |
| 5 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 4 dog | case |
| 6 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 infested | obj |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 infested | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | infest | past | Fleas | the dog's bed | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent bed=Destination |
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/infest/