infinitive Who acts: bare infinitive, I, split infinitive, you · What happens: run, be, eat, have, form, swim · To what, where: no, verb, swim infinitive, go infinitive, infinitive meaning, French
«infinitive» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: infinitive in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.
The basic form of a verb, often with to in front: to run, to be, to eat; the bare infinitive has no to: run, be, eat.
The tree, 26 words det amod case det nmod punct advmod case fixed case nmod punct mark parataxis punct mark conj punct mark conj punct det amod nsubj parataxis obj advmod punct parataxis punct conj punct conj punct root The DET basic ADJ form NOUN of ADP a DET verb NOUN , PUNCT often ADV with ADP to ADP in ADP front NOUN : PUNCT to PART run VERB , PUNCT to PART be VERB , PUNCT to PART eat VERB ; PUNCT the DET bare ADJ infinitive NOUN has VERB no DET to ADP : PUNCT run VERB , PUNCT be VERB , PUNCT eat VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 form det 2 basic basic ADJ Degree=Pos 3 form amod 3 form form NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 verb case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 verb det 6 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 3 form nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 front punct 8 often often ADV _ 12 front advmod 9 with with ADP _ 12 front case 10 to to ADP _ 9 with fixed 11 in in ADP _ 12 front case 12 front front NOUN Number=Sing 6 verb nmod 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 run punct 14 to to PART _ 15 run mark 15 run run VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 form parataxis 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 be punct 17 to to PART _ 18 be mark 18 be be VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 15 run conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 eat punct 20 to to PART _ 21 eat mark 21 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 15 run conj 22 ; ; PUNCT _ 26 has punct 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 infinitive det 24 bare bare ADJ Degree=Pos 25 infinitive amod 25 infinitive infinitive NOUN Number=Sing 26 has nsubj 26 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 run parataxis 27 no no DET PronType=Neg 26 has obj 28 to to ADP _ 26 has advmod 29 : : PUNCT _ 30 run punct 30 run run VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 26 has parataxis 31 , , PUNCT _ 32 be punct 32 be be VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 30 run conj 33 , , PUNCT _ 34 eat punct 34 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 30 run conj 35 . . PUNCT _ 3 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 be to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 eat to-infinitive vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 have present the bare infinitive no vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent no=Patient 5 run infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 6 be infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 7 eat infinitive vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 8 form a verb with front nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 To swim is an infinitive.
mark compound cop det punct root To PART swim VERB is AUX an DET infinitive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 swim mark 2 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 infinitive compound 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 infinitive cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 infinitive det 5 infinitive infinitive NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 infinitive punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present a swim infinitive tree rules
Example 2 I want to go home: to go is an infinitive.
nsubj mark xcomp advmod punct mark compound cop det xcomp punct root I PRON want VERB to PART go VERB home ADV : PUNCT to PART go VERB is AUX an DET infinitive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 want nsubj 2 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 go mark 4 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 want xcomp 5 home home ADV _ 4 go advmod 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 go punct 7 to to PART _ 8 go mark 8 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 infinitive compound 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 infinitive cop 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 infinitive det 11 infinitive infinitive NOUN Number=Sing 2 want xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 want punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 want present I vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 go not said to happen to-infinitive I not said here home property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 go to-infinitive vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 is a not said to happen present I not said here a go infinitive tree rules
Example 3 In French, aller is the infinitive meaning to go.
case obl punct conj cop det amod mark acl punct root In ADP French PROPN , PUNCT aller ADJ is AUX the DET infinitive ADJ meaning NOUN to PART go VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 French case 2 French French PROPN Number=Sing 8 meaning obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 4 aller punct 4 aller all ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 French conj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 meaning cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 meaning det 7 infinitive infinitive ADJ Degree=Pos 8 meaning amod 8 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 to to PART _ 10 go mark 10 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 meaning acl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 meaning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the infinitive meaning French tree rules 2 go to-infinitive vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 A split infinitive puts a word between to and the verb: to boldly go.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj det obj case fixed cc det nmod punct mark advmod parataxis punct root A DET split ADJ infinitive NOUN puts VERB a DET word NOUN between ADP to ADP and CCONJ the DET verb NOUN : PUNCT to PART boldly ADV go VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 infinitive det 2 split split ADJ Degree=Pos 3 infinitive amod 3 infinitive infinitive NOUN Number=Sing 4 puts nsubj 4 puts put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 word det 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing 4 puts obj 7 between between ADP _ 11 verb case 8 to to ADP _ 7 between fixed 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 verb cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 verb det 11 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 6 word nmod 12 : : PUNCT _ 15 go punct 13 to to PART _ 15 go mark 14 boldly boldly ADV Degree=Pos 15 go advmod 15 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 puts parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 puts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put present a split infinitive a word the verb vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent word=Theme between verb=Destination 2 go to-infinitive boldly property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Can and must are followed by the bare infinitive: I can swim.
aux cc aux aux:pass case det amod obl punct nsubj aux parataxis punct root Can AUX and CCONJ must AUX are AUX followed VERB by ADP the DET bare ADJ infinitive NOUN : PUNCT I PRON can AUX swim VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 followed aux 2 and and CCONJ _ 5 followed cc 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 followed aux 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 followed aux:pass 5 followed follow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by ADP _ 9 infinitive case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 infinitive det 8 bare bare ADJ Degree=Pos 9 infinitive amod 9 infinitive infinitive NOUN Number=Sing 5 followed obl 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 swim punct 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 swim nsubj 12 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 swim aux 13 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 followed parataxis 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 followed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 follow must · passive the bare infinitive vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 swim can I vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Look up a verb in the dictionary by its infinitive.
compound:prt det obj case det obl case nmod:poss obl punct root Look VERB up ADP a DET verb NOUN in ADP the DET dictionary NOUN by ADP its PRON infinitive NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Look compound:prt 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 verb det 4 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 1 Look obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 dictionary case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 dictionary det 7 dictionary dictionary NOUN Number=Sing 1 Look obl 8 by by ADP _ 10 infinitive case 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 infinitive nmod:poss 10 infinitive infinitive NOUN Number=Sing 1 Look obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look up imperative you not said here a verb the dictionary by dictionary's infinitive vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme verb=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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