inflation Who acts: rise, gas, you, it, loaf, Gran · What happens: buy, fill, get, make, seem, be · To what, where: something, more, pocket money, 2 percent, inflation, bike tyres · Speech: someone speaks here
«inflation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: inflation in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A rise in prices over time, so the same money buys less.
det nsubj case nmod case nmod punct advmod det amod nsubj advmod punct root A DET rise NOUN in ADP prices NOUN over ADP time NOUN , PUNCT so ADV the DET same ADJ money NOUN buys VERB less ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 rise det 2 rise rise NOUN Number=Sing 12 buys nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 prices case 4 prices price NOUN Number=Plur 2 rise nmod 5 over over ADP _ 6 time case 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 rise nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 buys punct 8 so so ADV _ 12 buys advmod 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 money det 10 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 11 money amod 11 money money NOUN Number=Sing 12 buys nsubj 12 buys buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 13 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 12 buys advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 12 buys punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy present a rise in prices over time less property vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Filling something with air or gas so it gets bigger, like a balloon or a tyre.
The tree, 16 words csubj obj case obl cc conj advmod nsubj xcomp punct case det obl cc det conj punct root Filling VERB something PRON with ADP air NOUN or CCONJ gas NOUN so ADV it PRON gets VERB bigger ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET balloon NOUN or CCONJ a DET tyre NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Filling fill VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 gets csubj 2 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Filling obj 3 with with ADP _ 4 air case 4 air air NOUN Number=Sing 1 Filling obl 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 gas cc 6 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 4 air conj 7 so so ADV _ 9 gets advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 gets nsubj 9 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 gets xcomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 balloon punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 balloon case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 balloon det 14 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets obl 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 tyre cc 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 tyre det 17 tyre tyre NOUN Number=Sing 14 balloon conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 9 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill gerund something with air or gas vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent something=Patient with air=Instrument 2 get present gas like a balloon or a tyre; big property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 Making something seem bigger or more important than it is (an inflation of the truth).
The tree, 15 words advcl obj xcomp cc conj conj case nsubj cop punct det obl case det nmod punct punct root Making VERB something PRON seem VERB bigger ADJ or CCONJ more ADJ important ADJ than ADP it PRON is AUX ( PUNCT an DET inflation NOUN of ADP the DET truth NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 seem advcl 2 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Making obj 3 seem seem VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 seem xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 more cc 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 bigger conj 7 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 4 bigger conj 8 than than ADP _ 13 inflation case 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 inflation nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 inflation cop 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 inflation punct 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 inflation det 13 inflation inflation NOUN Number=Sing 7 important obl 14 of of ADP _ 16 truth case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 truth det 16 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 13 inflation nmod 17 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 important punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 seem punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make gerund you not said here something vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product 2 seem imperative you not said here big property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 3 is present it than a inflation; of the truth tree rules
Example 1 Because of inflation, a loaf of bread costs more than it used to.
The tree, 13 words case fixed obl punct det nsubj case nmod obj mark nsubj advcl xcomp punct root Because ADP of ADP inflation NOUN , PUNCT a DET loaf NOUN of ADP bread NOUN costs VERB more ADJ than SCONJ it PRON used VERB to PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 3 inflation case 2 of of ADP _ 1 Because fixed 3 inflation inflation NOUN Number=Sing 9 costs obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 inflation punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 loaf det 6 loaf loaf NOUN Number=Sing 9 costs nsubj 7 of of ADP _ 8 bread case 8 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 6 loaf nmod 9 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 costs obj 11 than than SCONJ _ 13 used mark 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 used nsubj 13 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 more advcl 14 to to PART _ 13 used xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present a loaf of bread more because inflation vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value 2 use past loaf vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Gran says her pocket money bought much more before inflation.
nsubj nmod:poss compound obj acl advmod advmod case obl punct root Gran PROPN says VERB her PRON pocket NOUN money NOUN bought VERB much ADV more ADJ before ADP inflation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 2 says nsubj 2 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 money nmod:poss 4 pocket pocket NOUN Number=Sing 5 money compound 5 money money NOUN Number=Sing 2 says obj 6 bought buy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 money acl 7 much much ADV _ 8 more advmod 8 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 bought advmod 9 before before ADP _ 10 inflation case 10 inflation inflation NOUN Number=Sing 8 more obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Gran Gran's pocket money vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent money=Topic 2 buy participle Gran's pocket money not said here vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The rate of inflation is 2 percent this year.
det nsubj case nmod cop nummod det nmod:unmarked punct root The DET rate NOUN of ADP inflation NOUN is AUX 2 NUM percent NOUN this DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rate det 2 rate rate NOUN Number=Sing 7 percent nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 inflation case 4 inflation inflation NOUN Number=Sing 2 rate nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 percent cop 6 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 percent nummod 7 percent percent NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 year det 9 year year NOUN Number=Sing 7 percent nmod:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 percent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the rate of inflation 2 percent year tree rules
Example 4 Check the inflation of the bike tyres before you ride.
det obj case det compound nmod mark nsubj advcl punct root Check VERB the DET inflation NOUN of ADP the DET bike NOUN tyres NOUN before SCONJ you PRON ride VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 inflation det 3 inflation inflation NOUN Number=Sing 1 Check obj 4 of of ADP _ 7 tyres case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 tyres det 6 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 7 tyres compound 7 tyres tyre NOUN Number=Plur 3 inflation nmod 8 before before SCONJ _ 10 ride mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 ride nsubj 10 ride ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Check advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here the inflation of the bike tyres vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inflation=Theme 2 ride present you vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 3 inflate the bike tyres nom inflation «process transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 The inflation of the bouncy castle took five minutes.
det nsubj case det amod nmod nummod obj punct root The DET inflation NOUN of ADP the DET bouncy ADJ castle NOUN took VERB five NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 inflation det 2 inflation inflation NOUN Number=Sing 7 took nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 castle case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 castle det 5 bouncy bouncy ADJ Degree=Pos 6 castle amod 6 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 2 inflation nmod 7 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 minutes nummod 9 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 7 took obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the inflation of the bouncy castle minute vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 inflate the bouncy castle nom inflation «process transitive»: of=patient
Example 6 Wages that do not keep up with inflation buy less each year.
nsubj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl compound:prt case obl advmod det obl:unmarked punct root Wages NOUN that PRON do AUX not PART keep VERB up ADP with ADP inflation NOUN buy VERB less ADV each DET year NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wages wage NOUN Number=Plur 9 buy nsubj 2 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 keep nsubj 3 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 keep aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 keep advmod 5 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Wages acl:relcl 6 up up ADP _ 5 keep compound:prt 7 with with ADP _ 8 inflation case 8 inflation inflation NOUN Number=Sing 5 keep obl 9 buy buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 9 buy advmod 11 each each DET PronType=Tot 12 year det 12 year year NOUN Number=Sing 9 buy obl:unmarked 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 buy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not keep up present · do-support Wages with inflation vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent 2 buy present Wages year less property vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
Example 7 If inflation is 10%, something that cost 50 pounds now costs 55 pounds.
The tree, 14 words mark nsubj cop nummod nsubj punct appos nsubj acl:relcl nummod obj advmod nummod obj punct root If SCONJ inflation NOUN is AUX 10 NUM % SYM , PUNCT something PRON that PRON cost VERB 50 NUM pounds NOUN now ADV costs VERB 55 NUM pounds NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 5 % mark 2 inflation inflation NOUN Number=Sing 5 % nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 % cop 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 % nummod 5 % % SYM Number=Sing 13 costs nsubj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 something punct 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 % appos 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 cost nsubj 9 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 something acl:relcl 10 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 pounds nummod 11 pounds pound NOUN Number=Plur 9 cost obj 12 now now ADV PronType=Dem 9 cost advmod 13 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 14 55 55 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 15 pounds nummod 15 pounds pound NOUN Number=Plur 13 costs obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 13 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present 50 pounds now vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme pound=Value 2 cost present 55 pounds vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme pound=Value
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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