ingenuity Who acts: Ingenuity, you, team, we, Robinson, Engineers · What happens: be, find, solve, fly, show, build · To what, where: new ways, problems, name, small helicopter, Mars, great ingenuity · Speech: someone speaks here
«ingenuity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ingenuity in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Ingenuity is being clever and inventive, so you find new and smart ways to solve problems.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop cop cc conj punct advmod nsubj parataxis amod cc conj obj mark acl obj punct root Ingenuity NOUN is AUX being AUX clever ADJ and CCONJ inventive ADJ , PUNCT so ADV you PRON find VERB new ADJ and CCONJ smart ADJ ways NOUN to PART solve VERB problems NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 4 clever nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 clever cop 3 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 clever cop 4 clever clever ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 inventive cc 6 inventive inventive ADJ Degree=Pos 4 clever conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 find punct 8 so so ADV _ 10 find advmod 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 find nsubj 10 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 clever parataxis 11 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 14 ways amod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 smart cc 13 smart smart ADJ Degree=Pos 11 new conj 14 ways way NOUN Number=Plur 10 find obj 15 to to PART _ 16 solve mark 16 solve solve VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 ways acl 17 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 16 solve obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 clever punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Ingenuity clever property tree rules 2 be Ingenuity not said here tree rules 3 find present you new ways vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic 4 solve to-infinitive you not said here problems vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.
Ingenuity was also the name of a small helicopter flown on Mars.
nsubj cop advmod det case det amod nmod acl case obl punct root Ingenuity NOUN was AUX also ADV the DET name NOUN of ADP a DET small ADJ helicopter NOUN flown VERB on ADP Mars PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 5 name nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 name cop 3 also also ADV _ 5 name advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 name det 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 helicopter case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 helicopter det 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 helicopter amod 9 helicopter helicopter NOUN Number=Sing 5 name nmod 10 flown fly VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 helicopter acl 11 on on ADP _ 12 Mars case 12 Mars Mars PROPN Number=Sing 10 flown obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Ingenuity the name of a small helicopter tree rules 2 fly participle a small helicopter not said here Mars vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mars=Location
Example 1 The team showed great ingenuity in building a bridge out of paper.
det nsubj amod obj mark advcl det obj case case obl punct root The DET team NOUN showed VERB great ADJ ingenuity NOUN in SCONJ building VERB a DET bridge NOUN out ADP of ADP paper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 team det 2 team team NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ingenuity amod 5 ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed obj 6 in in SCONJ _ 7 building mark 7 building build VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 showed advcl 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 bridge det 9 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 7 building obj 10 out out ADP _ 12 paper case 11 of of ADP _ 12 paper case 12 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 7 building obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the team great ingenuity vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ingenuity=Recipient 2 build gerund the team not said here a bridge paper vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bridge=Product
Example 2 With a bit of ingenuity, we fixed the bike with string.
case det obl case nmod punct nsubj det obj case obl punct root With ADP a DET bit NOUN of ADP ingenuity NOUN , PUNCT we PRON fixed VERB the DET bike NOUN with ADP string NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 With with ADP _ 3 bit case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bit det 3 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 8 fixed obl 4 of of ADP _ 5 ingenuity case 5 ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 3 bit nmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 bit punct 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 fixed nsubj 8 fixed fix VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 bike det 10 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 8 fixed obj 11 with with ADP _ 12 string case 12 string string NOUN Number=Sing 8 fixed obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 fixed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fix past we the bike with a bit of ingenuity; with string vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent bike=Patient with bit=Co-Patient
Example 3 Robinson Crusoe survived by ingenuity.
nsubj flat case obl punct root Robinson PROPN Crusoe PROPN survived VERB by ADP ingenuity NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Robinson Robinson PROPN Number=Sing 3 survived nsubj 2 Crusoe Crusoe PROPN Number=Sing 1 Robinson flat 3 survived survive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 by by ADP _ 5 ingenuity case 5 ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 3 survived obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 survived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 survive past Robinson by ingenuity vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by ingenuity=Location
Example 4 Engineers use ingenuity to solve problems.
nsubj obj mark advcl obj punct root Engineers NOUN use VERB ingenuity NOUN to PART solve VERB problems NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Engineers engineer NOUN Number=Plur 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 solve mark 5 solve solve VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 use advcl 6 problems problem NOUN Number=Plur 5 solve obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Engineers ingenuity vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ingenuity=Patient 2 solve to-infinitive Engineers not said here problems vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic
Example 5 Human ingenuity put people on the Moon.
amod nsubj obj case det obl punct root Human ADJ ingenuity NOUN put VERB people NOUN on ADP the DET Moon PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Human human ADJ Degree=Pos 2 ingenuity amod 2 ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 3 put nsubj 3 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 put obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 Moon case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 Moon det 7 Moon Moon PROPN Number=Sing 3 put obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past Human ingenuity people the Moon vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme on moon=Destination
Example 6 Her ingenuity amazed the judges.
nmod:poss nsubj det obj punct root Her PRON ingenuity NOUN amazed VERB the DET judges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 ingenuity nmod:poss 2 ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 3 amazed nsubj 3 amazed amaze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 judges det 5 judges judge NOUN Number=Plur 3 amazed obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 amazed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 amaze past Her ingenuity the judges vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus judge=Experiencer
Example 7 The Ingenuity helicopter flew on Mars.
det compound nsubj case obl punct root The DET Ingenuity NOUN helicopter NOUN flew VERB on ADP Mars PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 helicopter det 2 Ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 3 helicopter compound 3 helicopter helicopter NOUN Number=Sing 4 flew nsubj 4 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 on on ADP _ 6 Mars case 6 Mars Mars PROPN Number=Sing 4 flew obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past the Ingenuity helicopter Mars vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mars=Location
Example 8 Use your ingenuity to escape the puzzle room.
nmod:poss obj mark advcl det compound obj punct root Use VERB your PRON ingenuity NOUN to PART escape VERB the DET puzzle NOUN room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 ingenuity nmod:poss 3 ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 to to PART _ 5 escape mark 5 escape escape VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Use advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 room det 7 puzzle puzzle NOUN Number=Sing 8 room compound 8 room room NOUN Number=Sing 5 escape obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here your ingenuity vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ingenuity=Patient 2 escape to-infinitive you not said here the puzzle room vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme room=Initial_Location
Example 9 Now, most people throw them away, and that only shows what a number of things are wasted for want of a little patience and ingenuity.’
The tree, 25 words advmod punct amod nsubj obj advmod punct cc mark advmod advcl obj det nsubj:pass case nmod aux:pass ccomp case obl case det amod nmod cc conj punct punct root Now ADV , PUNCT most ADJ people NOUN throw VERB them PRON away ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ that SCONJ only ADV shows VERB what PRON a DET number NOUN of ADP things NOUN are AUX wasted VERB for ADP want NOUN of ADP a DET little ADJ patience NOUN and CCONJ ingenuity NOUN . PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Now now ADV PronType=Dem 5 throw advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Now punct 3 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 4 people amod 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 throw nsubj 5 throw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 throw obj 7 away away ADV _ 5 throw advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 shows punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 shows cc 10 that that SCONJ _ 12 shows mark 11 only only ADV _ 12 shows advmod 12 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 throw advcl 13 what what PRON PronType=Int 19 wasted obj 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 number det 15 number number NOUN Number=Sing 19 wasted nsubj:pass 16 of of ADP _ 17 things case 17 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 15 number nmod 18 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 wasted aux:pass 19 wasted waste VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 shows ccomp 20 for for ADP _ 21 want case 21 want want NOUN Number=Sing 19 wasted obl 22 of of ADP _ 25 patience case 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 patience det 24 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 25 patience amod 25 patience patience NOUN Number=Sing 21 want nmod 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 ingenuity cc 27 ingenuity ingenuity NOUN Number=Sing 25 patience conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 throw punct 29 ’ ' PUNCT _ 5 throw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw away present most people them = they now away property vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme 2 show present most people not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 waste present · passive a number of things for want of a little patience and ingenuity tree rules 4 want a little patience and ingenuity nom want «state transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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