instead Who acts: We, I, Ali, 6, It, you · What happens: mean, come, replace, have, drink, put · To what, where: tea, thing, milk, water, two pears, start
«instead» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: instead in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Instead means in place of something else.
advmod case obl case nmod advmod punct root Instead ADV means VERB in ADP place NOUN of ADP something PRON else ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Instead instead ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 place case 4 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 5 of of ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 place nmod 7 else else ADV _ 6 something advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present in place of something; instead property vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in place=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
We had no milk, so we drank water instead.
nsubj det obj punct advmod nsubj conj obj advmod punct root We PRON had VERB no DET milk NOUN , PUNCT so ADV we PRON drank VERB water NOUN instead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no DET PronType=Neg 4 milk det 4 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 drank punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 drank advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 drank nsubj 8 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 8 drank obj 10 instead instead ADV _ 8 drank advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We no milk vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient 2 drink past we water instead property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
Meaning 2 «Instead of» comes before the thing that is replaced: tea instead of coffee.
The tree, 13 words punct advmod fixed punct case det obl nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl punct obl case fixed nmod punct root « PUNCT Instead ADV of ADP » PUNCT comes VERB before ADP the DET thing NOUN that PRON is AUX replaced VERB : PUNCT tea NOUN instead ADV of ADP coffee NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 comes punct 2 Instead instead ADV _ 5 comes advmod 3 of of ADP _ 2 Instead fixed 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Instead punct 5 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 before before ADP _ 8 thing case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 thing det 8 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 comes obl 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 replaced nsubj:pass 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 replaced aux:pass 11 replaced replace VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 thing acl:relcl 12 : : PUNCT _ 13 tea punct 13 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 5 comes obl 14 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 16 coffee case 15 of of ADP _ 14 instead fixed 16 coffee coffee NOUN Number=Sing 13 tea nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present tea instead coffee the thing instead property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before thing=Location 2 replace present · passive the thing vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme
Example 1 What if at the start I had put two pears instead of what I put?
The tree, 15 words mark case det obl nsubj aux acl nummod obj case fixed obl nsubj acl:relcl punct root What PRON if SCONJ at ADP the DET start NOUN I PRON had AUX put VERB two NUM pears NOUN instead ADV of ADP what PRON I PRON put VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 if if SCONJ _ 8 put mark 3 at at ADP _ 5 start case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 start det 5 start start NOUN Number=Sing 8 put obl 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 put nsubj 7 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 put aux 8 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 What acl 9 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 pears nummod 10 pears pear NOUN Number=Plur 8 put obj 11 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 13 what case 12 of of ADP _ 11 instead fixed 13 what what PRON PronType=Rel 8 put obl 14 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 15 put nsubj 15 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 what acl:relcl 16 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past · perfect I two pears the start vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pear=Theme at start=Destination 2 put past I vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Ali bought 5 pens instead of 3.
nsubj nummod obj case fixed obl punct root Ali PROPN bought VERB 5 NUM pens NOUN instead ADV of ADP 3 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ali Ali PROPN Number=Sing 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pens nummod 4 pens pen NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obj 5 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 7 3 case 6 of of ADP _ 5 instead fixed 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 bought obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past Ali 5 pens instead 3 vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Theme
Example 3 Instead of 4 boxes, there are 6.
case fixed nummod obl punct expl nsubj punct root Instead ADV of ADP 4 NUM boxes NOUN , PUNCT there PRON are VERB 6 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 4 boxes case 2 of of ADP _ 1 Instead fixed 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 boxes nummod 4 boxes box NOUN Number=Plur 7 are obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 boxes punct 6 there there PRON PronType=Dem 7 are expl 7 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 are nsubj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present 6 there instead 4 boxes vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 It was raining, so we played inside instead.
nsubj aux punct advmod nsubj conj advmod advmod punct root It PRON was AUX raining VERB , PUNCT so ADV we PRON played VERB inside ADV instead ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 raining nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 raining aux 3 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 played punct 5 so so ADV _ 7 played advmod 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 played nsubj 7 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 raining conj 8 inside inside ADV _ 7 played advmod 9 instead instead ADV _ 7 played advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 raining punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain past · progressive It vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 2 play past we inside, instead property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Can I have juice instead of milk?
aux nsubj obj case fixed obl punct root Can AUX I PRON have VERB juice NOUN instead ADV of ADP milk NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 have aux 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 juice juice NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 5 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 7 milk case 6 of of ADP _ 5 instead fixed 7 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have can I juice instead milk vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent juice=Patient
Example 6 Walk instead of running in the corridor.
mark fixed advcl case det obl punct root Walk VERB instead ADV of ADP running VERB in ADP the DET corridor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 instead instead ADV ExtPos=SCONJ 4 running mark 3 of of ADP _ 2 instead fixed 4 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Walk advcl 5 in in ADP _ 7 corridor case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 corridor det 7 corridor corridor NOUN Number=Sing 4 running obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk imperative you not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 run gerund you not said here the corridor vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Trajectory
Example 7 Instead of crying, she laughed.
mark fixed advcl punct nsubj punct root Instead ADV of ADP crying VERB , PUNCT she PRON laughed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Instead instead ADV ExtPos=SCONJ 3 crying mark 2 of of ADP _ 1 Instead fixed 3 crying cry VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 laughed advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 crying punct 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 laughed nsubj 6 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 laughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cry speech: express gerund she not said here vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 laugh past she vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Use a pencil instead of a pen.
det obj case fixed det obl punct root Use VERB a DET pencil NOUN instead ADV of ADP a DET pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pencil det 3 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 7 pen case 5 of of ADP _ 4 instead fixed 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pen det 7 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here a pencil instead a pen vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient
Example 9 It made Peter kick instead of stab.
nsubj obj xcomp case fixed obl punct root It PRON made VERB Peter PROPN kick VERB instead ADV of ADP stab NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Peter Peter PROPN Number=Sing 2 made obj 4 kick kick VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 made xcomp 5 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 7 stab case 6 of of ADP _ 5 instead fixed 7 stab stab NOUN Number=Sing 4 kick obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past It Peter tree rules 2 kick infinitive Peter not said here instead stab vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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