instigate

Who acts: council, teacher, Jake, school, Police · What happens: start, make, happen, change, stir up, encourage · To what, where: something, it, trouble, background, plan, park · Speech: someone speaks here

«instigate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: instigate in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To start something or make it happen, such as an inquiry, a plan or changes.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 start	mark
2	start	start	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 start	obj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 make	cc
5	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 start	conj
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 make	obj
7	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 make	xcomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 inquiry	punct
9	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	12 inquiry	case
10	as	as	ADP	_	9 such	fixed
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 inquiry	det
12	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 happen	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 plan	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 plan	det
15	plan	plan	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 inquiry	appos
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 changes	cc
17	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 plan	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 start	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	start	to-infinitive	something		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
2	make	infinitive	it		tree rules
3	happen	infinitive		such a inquiry	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	change	present			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To stir up or encourage trouble, a fight or bad behaviour, often while staying in the background.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 stir	mark
2	stir	stir	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 stir	compound:prt
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 encourage	cc
5	encourage	encourage	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 stir	conj
6	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 encourage	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 fight	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 fight	det
9	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 trouble	conj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 behaviour	cc
11	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 behaviour	amod
12	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 trouble	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 staying	punct
14	often	often	ADV	_	16 staying	advmod
15	while	while	SCONJ	_	16 staying	mark
16	staying	stay	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 encourage	advcl
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 background	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 background	det
19	background	background	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 staying	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stir	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	stir up	to-infinitive				vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition
2	encourage	infinitive	trouble and a fight or bad behaviour			vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Theme
3	stay	gerund		the background	often property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in background=Location

Example 1

The council instigated a plan to make the park safer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 council	det
2	council	council	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 instigated	nsubj
3	instigated	instigate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 plan	det
5	plan	plan	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 instigated	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 make	mark
7	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 instigated	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 park	det
9	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 make	obj
10	safer	safe	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 make	xcomp
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 instigated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	instigate	past	the council	a plan					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition plan=Patient
2	make	to-infinitive	the council not said here	the park				safe property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset park=Product

Example 2

The teacher wanted to know who had instigated the food fight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wanted	nsubj
3	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 know	mark
5	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 wanted	xcomp
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 instigated	nsubj
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 instigated	aux
8	instigated	instigate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 know	ccomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 fight	det
10	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fight	compound
11	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 instigated	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 wanted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	want	past	the teacher		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	know not said to happen	to-infinitive	the teacher not said here		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
3	instigate	past · perfect		the food fight	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fight=Patient

Example 3

Jake didn't throw anything, but he instigated the whole argument.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jake	Jake	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 throw	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 throw	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 throw	advmod
4	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 throw	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 instigated	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 instigated	cc
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 instigated	nsubj
9	instigated	instigate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 throw	parataxis
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 argument	det
11	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 argument	amod
12	argument	argument	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 instigated	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 throw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not throw	past · do-support	Jake	anything					vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme
2	instigate	past	Jake	the whole argument					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition argument=Patient

Example 4

The school instigated a new reading programme for every class.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 school	det
2	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 instigated	nsubj
3	instigated	instigate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 programme	det
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 programme	amod
6	reading	reading	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 programme	compound
7	programme	programme	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 instigated	obj
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 class	case
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 class	det
10	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 programme	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 instigated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	instigate	past	the school	a new reading programme				for every class	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition programme=Patient

Example 5

Police instigated an investigation after the window was smashed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Police	police	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 instigated	nsubj
2	instigated	instigate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 investigation	det
4	investigation	investigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 instigated	obj
5	after	after	SCONJ	_	9 smashed	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 window	det
7	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 smashed	nsubj:pass
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 smashed	aux:pass
9	smashed	smash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 instigated	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 instigated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	instigate	past	Police	a investigation					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition investigation=Patient
2	smash	past · passive		the window					vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Example 6

She was accused of instigating the trouble on the bus.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 accused	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 accused	aux:pass
3	accused	accuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 instigating	mark
5	instigating	instigate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 accused	advcl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 trouble	det
7	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 instigating	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 bus	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 bus	det
10	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 trouble	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 accused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accuse	past · passive		She					vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme
2	instigate	gerund		the trouble		the bus			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition trouble=Patient

Example 7

The changes were made at the instigation of the parents' group.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 changes	det
2	changes	change	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 instigation	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 instigation	det
7	instigation	instigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	12 group	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 parents	det
10	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 group	nmod:poss
11	'	's	PART	_	10 parents	case
12	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 instigation	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive		the changes		the instigation of the parents's group			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	instigate			the parents's group					nom instigation «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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