insult Who acts: insult, it, Calling, He, you, She · What happens: insult, be, do, hurt, show, mean · To what, where: someone, something, feelings, respect, rude unkind remark, disrespect · Speech: someone speaks here
«insult» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: insult in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To insult someone is to say or do something rude that hurts their feelings or shows no respect.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl obj cop mark cc conj obj amod nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj cc conj det obj punct root To PART insult VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART say VERB or CCONJ do VERB something PRON rude ADJ that PRON hurts VERB their PRON feelings NOUN or CCONJ shows VERB no DET respect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 insult mark 2 insult insult VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 say advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 insult obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 say cop 5 to to PART _ 6 say mark 6 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 do cc 8 do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 say conj 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 do obj 10 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 9 something amod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 hurts nsubj 12 hurts hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 something acl:relcl 13 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 feelings nmod:poss 14 feelings feeling NOUN Number=Plur 12 hurts obj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 shows cc 16 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 hurts conj 17 no no DET PronType=Neg 18 respect det 18 respect respect NOUN Number=Sing 16 shows obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 insult to-infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 2 is present say property tree rules 3 do infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 hurt present their feelings vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer feeling=Patient 5 show present no respect vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent respect=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An insult is a rude, unkind remark or action.
det nsubj cop det amod punct amod cc conj punct root An DET insult NOUN is AUX a DET rude ADJ , PUNCT unkind ADJ remark NOUN or CCONJ action NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 insult det 2 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing 8 remark nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 remark cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 remark det 5 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 8 remark amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 rude punct 7 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 8 remark amod 8 remark remark NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 action cc 10 action action NOUN Number=Sing 8 remark conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 remark punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a insult a rude unkind remark or action tree rules
Meaning 3 An insult to something means something so bad it seems to show disrespect.
det nsubj case nmod obj advmod amod nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp obj punct root An DET insult NOUN to ADP something PRON means VERB something PRON so ADV bad ADJ it PRON seems VERB to PART show VERB disrespect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 insult det 2 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 to to ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 insult nmod 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 means obj 7 so so ADV _ 8 bad advmod 8 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 something amod 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 seems nsubj 10 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 something acl:relcl 11 to to PART _ 12 show mark 12 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 seems xcomp 13 disrespect disrespect NOUN Number=Sing 12 show obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present a insult to something something vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic 2 seem present it vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute 3 show to-infinitive disrespect vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent disrespect=Recipient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"an insult to our intelligence".
punct det case nmod:poss nmod punct punct root " PUNCT an DET insult NOUN to ADP our PRON intelligence NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 insult punct 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 insult det 3 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 intelligence case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 intelligence nmod:poss 6 intelligence intelligence NOUN Number=Sing 3 insult nmod 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 insult punct 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 insult punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 Calling someone stupid is an insult.
csubj obj xcomp cop det punct root Calling VERB someone PRON stupid ADJ is AUX an DET insult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Calling call VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 insult csubj 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Calling obj 3 stupid stupid ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Calling xcomp 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 insult cop 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 insult det 6 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 insult punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call gerund someone stupid property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient 2 is a present Calling a insult tree rules
Example 2 He insulted the cook by not eating anything.
nsubj det obj mark advmod advcl obj punct root He PRON insulted VERB the DET cook NOUN by SCONJ not PART eating VERB anything PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 insulted nsubj 2 insulted insult VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 cook det 4 cook cook NOUN Number=Sing 2 insulted obj 5 by by SCONJ _ 7 eating mark 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 eating advmod 7 eating eat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 insulted advcl 8 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 eating obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 insulted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 insult past He the cook vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus cook=Experiencer 2 not eat gerund He not said here anything vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Patient
Example 3 Don't trade insults; walk away and tell a teacher.
aux advmod obj punct conj advmod cc conj det obj punct root Do AUX n't PART trade VERB insults NOUN ; PUNCT walk VERB away ADV and CCONJ tell VERB a DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 trade aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 trade advmod 3 trade trade VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 insults insult NOUN Number=Plur 3 trade obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 walk punct 6 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 trade conj 7 away away ADV _ 6 walk advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 tell cc 9 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 walk conj 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 teacher det 11 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 9 tell obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 trade punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not trade imperative · do-support you not said here insults vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insult=Theme 2 walk away infinitive you not said here away property vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here a teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient
Example 4 She took it as an insult when he laughed.
nsubj obj case det obl mark nsubj advcl punct root She PRON took VERB it PRON as ADP an DET insult NOUN when SCONJ he PRON laughed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 took obj 4 as as ADP _ 6 insult case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 insult det 6 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obl 7 when when SCONJ _ 9 laughed mark 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 laughed nsubj 9 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 took advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past She it as a insult vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent it=Theme as insult=Attribute 2 laugh past he vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The two pirates shouted insults at each other.
det nummod nsubj obj case obl fixed punct root The DET two NUM pirates NOUN shouted VERB insults NOUN at ADP each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 pirates det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 pirates nummod 3 pirates pirate NOUN Number=Plur 4 shouted nsubj 4 shouted shout VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 insults insult NOUN Number=Plur 4 shouted obj 6 at at ADP _ 7 each case 7 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 4 shouted obl 8 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 each fixed 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 shouted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shout speech: express past the two pirates insults each vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insult=Topic
Example 6 To add insult to injury, it started raining after I fell.
mark advcl obj case obl punct nsubj xcomp mark nsubj advcl punct root To PART add VERB insult NOUN to ADP injury NOUN , PUNCT it PRON started VERB raining VERB after SCONJ I PRON fell VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 add mark 2 add add VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 started advcl 3 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing 2 add obj 4 to to ADP _ 5 injury case 5 injury injury NOUN Number=Sing 2 add obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 2 add punct 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 started nsubj 8 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 raining rain VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 started xcomp 10 after after SCONJ _ 12 fell mark 11 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 fell nsubj 12 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 raining advcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 add speech: assert to-infinitive insult not said here insult to injury vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent insult=Patient to injury=Co-Patient 2 start past insult vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 rain gerund insult not said here vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 4 fall past I vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Saying sorry after an insult is the right thing.
csubj obj case det obl cop det amod punct root Saying VERB sorry ADJ after ADP an DET insult NOUN is AUX the DET right ADJ thing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 thing csubj 2 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Saying obj 3 after after ADP _ 5 insult case 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 insult det 5 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing 1 Saying obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 thing cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 thing det 8 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 9 thing amod 9 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert gerund sorry after a insult vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sorry=Topic 2 is a present Saying the right thing tree rules
Example 8 That tiny prize was an insult to all our hard work.
det amod nsubj cop det case det:predet nmod:poss amod nmod punct root That DET tiny ADJ prize NOUN was AUX an DET insult NOUN to ADP all DET our PRON hard ADJ work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 prize det 2 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 prize amod 3 prize prize NOUN Number=Sing 6 insult nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 insult cop 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 insult det 6 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 to to ADP _ 11 work case 8 all all DET PronType=Tot 11 work det:predet 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 work nmod:poss 10 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 11 work amod 11 work work NOUN Number=Sing 6 insult nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 insult punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past that tiny prize a insult to our hard work tree rules 2 work our nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 9 “Geppetto, do not insult me or I shall call you Polendina.”
The tree, 11 words punct nsubj punct aux advmod obj cc nsubj aux conj obj xcomp punct punct root “ PUNCT Geppetto PROPN , PUNCT do AUX not PART insult VERB me PRON or CCONJ I PRON shall AUX call VERB you PRON Polendina PROPN . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 6 insult punct 2 Geppetto Geppetto PROPN Number=Sing 6 insult nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Geppetto punct 4 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 insult aux 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 insult advmod 6 insult insult VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 insult obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 11 call cc 9 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 call nsubj 10 shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 call aux 11 call call VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 insult conj 12 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 11 call obj 13 Polendina Polendina PROPN Number=Sing 11 call xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 insult punct 15 ” " PUNCT _ 6 insult punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not insult in a quote infinitive · do-support Geppetto me vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer 2 call in a quote shall I you vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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