involuntarily Who acts: body, She, ball, He, heart, you · What happens: mean, choose, do, blink, come, shiver · To what, where: something, cold wind, silly face, workers, office, him
«involuntarily» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: involuntarily in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Involuntarily means without meaning to, without choosing to, as when your body does something by itself.
The tree, 16 words advmod mark advcl xcomp punct mark conj advmod punct mark mark nmod:poss nsubj conj obj case obl punct root Involuntarily ADV means VERB without SCONJ meaning VERB to PART , PUNCT without SCONJ choosing VERB to ADV , PUNCT as SCONJ when SCONJ your PRON body NOUN does VERB something PRON by ADP itself PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 without without SCONJ _ 4 meaning mark 4 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 means advcl 5 to to PART _ 4 meaning xcomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 choosing punct 7 without without SCONJ _ 8 choosing mark 8 choosing choose VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 meaning conj 9 to too ADV Typo=Yes 8 choosing advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 does punct 11 as as SCONJ _ 15 does mark 12 when when SCONJ _ 15 does mark 13 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 body nmod:poss 14 body body NOUN Number=Sing 15 does nsubj 15 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means conj 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 does obj 17 by by ADP _ 18 itself case 18 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 15 does obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present involuntarily property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 mean gerund vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 choose gerund vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 do present your body something by body vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Involuntarily can mean against your will, when someone else forces it.
advmod aux case nmod:poss ccomp punct mark nmod:poss advmod nsubj conj punct root Involuntarily ADV can AUX mean VERB against ADP your PRON will AUX , PUNCT when SCONJ someone PRON else ADV forces NOUN it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 3 mean advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 against against ADP _ 6 will case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 will nmod:poss 6 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean ccomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 it punct 8 when when SCONJ _ 12 it mark 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 forces nmod:poss 10 else else ADV _ 9 someone advmod 11 forces force NOUN Number=Plur 12 it nsubj 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 will conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can involuntarily property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 She blinked involuntarily when the ball came near.
nsubj advmod mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root She PRON blinked VERB involuntarily ADV when SCONJ the DET ball NOUN came VERB near ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 blinked nsubj 2 blinked blink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 2 blinked advmod 4 when when SCONJ _ 7 came mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ball det 6 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 7 came nsubj 7 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 blinked advcl 8 near near ADV _ 7 came advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 blinked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blink past She involuntarily property vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 come past the ball near property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 He shivered involuntarily in the cold wind.
nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root He PRON shivered VERB involuntarily ADV in ADP the DET cold ADJ wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 shivered nsubj 2 shivered shiver VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 2 shivered advmod 4 in in ADP _ 7 wind case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wind det 6 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 7 wind amod 7 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 2 shivered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 shivered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shiver past He the cold wind involuntarily property vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 3 Your heart beats involuntarily, even when you sleep.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod punct advmod mark nsubj conj punct root Your PRON heart NOUN beats VERB involuntarily ADV , PUNCT even ADV when SCONJ you PRON sleep VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 heart nmod:poss 2 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 3 beats nsubj 3 beats beat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 3 beats advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 sleep punct 6 even even ADV _ 9 sleep advmod 7 when when SCONJ _ 9 sleep mark 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 sleep nsubj 9 sleep sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 beats conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 beats punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 beat present Your heart involuntarily property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 sleep present you vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 I laughed involuntarily at the silly face.
nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root I PRON laughed VERB involuntarily ADV at ADP the DET silly ADJ face NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 laughed nsubj 2 laughed laugh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 2 laughed advmod 4 at at ADP _ 7 face case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 face det 6 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 face amod 7 face face NOUN Number=Sing 2 laughed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 laughed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 laugh past I the silly face involuntarily property vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Some workers were involuntarily moved to another office.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case det obl punct root Some DET workers NOUN were AUX involuntarily ADV moved VERB to ADP another DET office NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 workers det 2 workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 5 moved nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 moved aux:pass 4 involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 5 moved advmod 5 moved move VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 office case 7 another another DET PronType=Ind 8 office det 8 office office NOUN Number=Sing 5 moved obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 moved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move past · passive some workers another office involuntarily property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme to office=Trajectory
Example 6 He flinched involuntarily at the loud bang.
nsubj advmod case det amod obl punct root He PRON flinched VERB involuntarily ADV at ADP the DET loud ADJ bang NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 flinched nsubj 2 flinched flinch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 2 flinched advmod 4 at at ADP _ 7 bang case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bang det 6 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bang amod 7 bang bang NOUN Number=Sing 2 flinched obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 flinched punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flinch past He at the loud bang; involuntarily property vn flinch-40.5 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer at bang=Stimulus
Example 7 As he was thus sitting, his finger hurt him so violently that he involuntarily put it in the water.
The tree, 19 words mark nsubj aux advmod advcl punct nmod:poss nsubj obj advmod advmod mark nsubj advmod advcl obj case det obl punct root As SCONJ he PRON was AUX thus ADV sitting VERB , PUNCT his PRON finger NOUN hurt VERB him PRON so ADV violently ADV that SCONJ he PRON involuntarily ADV put VERB it PRON in ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as SCONJ _ 5 sitting mark 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 sitting nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sitting aux 4 thus thus ADV _ 5 sitting advmod 5 sitting sit VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 hurt advcl 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 sitting punct 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 finger nmod:poss 8 finger finger NOUN Number=Sing 9 hurt nsubj 9 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 hurt obj 11 so so ADV _ 12 violently advmod 12 violently violently ADV _ 9 hurt advmod 13 that that SCONJ _ 16 put mark 14 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 put nsubj 15 involuntarily involuntarily ADV _ 16 put advmod 16 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 hurt advcl 17 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 put obj 18 in in ADP _ 20 water case 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 water det 20 water water NOUN Number=Sing 16 put obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 9 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past · progressive he thus property vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 hurt past his finger him = he violently property vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Patient 3 put past finger it the water involuntarily property vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in water=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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