involuntary Who acts: Involuntary, heart, She, Sneezing, involuntary laugh, everyone · What happens: mean, do, blink, be, give, make · To what, where: involuntary muscle, involuntary shiver, involuntary reflex, everyone
«involuntary» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: involuntary in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Involuntary means done without meaning to or without control, like a sneeze or a shiver.
The tree, 15 words nsubj xcomp mark advcl case cc case obl punct case det conj cc det conj punct root Involuntary PROPN means VERB done VERB without SCONJ meaning VERB to ADP or CCONJ without ADP control NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET sneeze NOUN or CCONJ a DET shiver NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Involuntary Involuntary PROPN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means xcomp 4 without without SCONJ _ 5 meaning mark 5 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 done advcl 6 to to ADP _ 9 control case 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 control cc 8 without without ADP _ 9 control case 9 control control NOUN Number=Sing 5 meaning obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 sneeze punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 sneeze case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 sneeze det 13 sneeze sneeze NOUN Number=Sing 9 control conj 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 shiver cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 shiver det 16 shiver shiver NOUN Number=Sing 9 control conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Involuntary vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 do not said to happen participle Involuntary not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 mean gerund Involuntary not said here to control and a sneeze or a shiver vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot to control=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
Done against someone's will: «involuntary redundancy».
case nmod:poss case aux punct punct amod obl punct punct root Done VERB against ADP someone PRON 's PART will AUX : PUNCT « PUNCT involuntary ADJ redundancy NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 against against ADP _ 9 redundancy case 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 redundancy nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 someone case 5 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 redundancy aux 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 redundancy punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 9 redundancy punct 8 involuntary involuntary ADJ Degree=Pos 9 redundancy amod 9 redundancy redundancy NOUN Number=Sing 1 Done obl 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 redundancy punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Done punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do participle against someone's involuntary redundancy vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Blinking is often involuntary.
nsubj cop advmod punct root Blinking VERB is AUX often ADV involuntary ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Blinking blink VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 involuntary nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 involuntary cop 3 often often ADV _ 4 involuntary advmod 4 involuntary involuntary ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 involuntary punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blink gerund vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present involuntary, often property tree rules
Example 2 The heart is an involuntary muscle.
det nsubj cop det amod punct root The DET heart NOUN is AUX an DET involuntary ADJ muscle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 heart det 2 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 6 muscle nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 muscle cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 muscle det 5 involuntary involuntary ADJ Degree=Pos 6 muscle amod 6 muscle muscle NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 muscle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the heart a involuntary muscle tree rules
Example 3 She gave an involuntary shiver.
nsubj det amod obj punct root She PRON gave VERB an DET involuntary ADJ shiver NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 shiver det 4 involuntary involuntary ADJ Degree=Pos 5 shiver amod 5 shiver shiver NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She a involuntary shiver vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shiver=Theme
Example 4 Sneezing is an involuntary reflex.
nsubj cop det amod punct root Sneezing NOUN is AUX an DET involuntary ADJ reflex NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sneezing sneezing NOUN Number=Sing 5 reflex nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 reflex cop 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 reflex det 4 involuntary involuntary ADJ Degree=Pos 5 reflex amod 5 reflex reflex NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 reflex punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sneezing a involuntary reflex tree rules
Example 5 His involuntary laugh made everyone giggle.
nmod:poss amod nsubj obj xcomp punct root His PRON involuntary ADJ laugh NOUN made VERB everyone PRON giggle VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 laugh nmod:poss 2 involuntary involuntary ADJ Degree=Pos 3 laugh amod 3 laugh laugh NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 made obj 6 giggle giggle VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 made xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past His involuntary laugh everyone tree rules 2 giggle infinitive everyone not said here vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 laugh His = he nom laugh «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Hiccups are involuntary.
nsubj cop punct root Hiccups NOUN are AUX involuntary ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hiccups hiccup NOUN Number=Plur 3 involuntary nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 involuntary cop 3 involuntary involuntary ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 involuntary punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Hiccups involuntary property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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