it Who acts: It, idea, That, this, you, UK · What happens: point, name, use, stand, come, be · To what, where: thing, animal, It, idea, all, moment · Speech: someone speaks here
«it» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: it in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 It points to a thing, an animal or an idea already named.
nsubj case det obl punct det appos cc det conj advmod acl:relcl punct root It PRON points VERB to ADP a DET thing NOUN , PUNCT an DET animal NOUN or CCONJ an DET idea NOUN already ADV named VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 points nsubj 2 points point VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 thing case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thing det 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 2 points obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 animal punct 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 animal det 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing appos 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 idea cc 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 idea det 11 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal conj 12 already already ADV _ 13 named advmod 13 named name VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 animal acl:relcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 points punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 point present It a thing vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to thing=Recipient 2 name participle a animal or a idea not said here vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I have a ball; it is red.
nsubj det obj punct nsubj cop conj punct root I PRON have VERB a DET ball NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX red ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 ball det 4 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 red punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 red nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 red cop 8 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 2 have conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present I a ball vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Patient 2 is present ball red property tree rules
Meaning 2 It is used for weather, time and distance.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct conj cc conj punct root It PRON is AUX used VERB for ADP weather NOUN , PUNCT time NOUN and CCONJ distance NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 used nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 weather case 5 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 time punct 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 weather conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 distance cc 9 distance distance NOUN Number=Sing 5 weather conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive It for weather and time and distance vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for weather=Eventuality
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
It is raining. It is 3 o'clock. It is far.
Sentence 1: It is raining.
nsubj aux punct root It PRON is AUX raining VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 raining nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 raining aux 3 raining rain VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 raining punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rain present · progressive It vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Sentence 2: It is 3 o'clock.
nsubj cop nummod punct root It PRON is AUX 3 NUM o'clock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 o'clock nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 o'clock cop 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 o'clock nummod 4 o'clock o'clock NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 o'clock punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It 3 o'clock tree rules
Sentence 3: It is far.
nsubj cop punct root It PRON is AUX far ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 far nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 far cop 3 far far ADV Degree=Pos root root 4 . . PUNCT _ 3 far punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present o'clock far property tree rules
Meaning 3 It can stand for a whole sentence or idea.
nsubj aux case det amod obl cc conj punct root It PRON can AUX stand VERB for ADP a DET whole ADJ sentence NOUN or CCONJ idea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 stand nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 stand aux 3 stand stand VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 for for ADP _ 7 sentence case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 sentence det 6 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 7 sentence amod 7 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 3 stand obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 idea cc 9 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 7 sentence conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 stand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand can It for a whole sentence or idea vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for sentence=Attribute
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I know it.
nsubj obj punct root I PRON know VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 know nsubj 2 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 know obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present I it vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Meaning 4 It can point forward to an idea coming later.
nsubj aux advmod case det obl acl advmod punct root It PRON can AUX point VERB forward ADV to ADP an DET idea NOUN coming VERB later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 point nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 point aux 3 point point VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 forward forward ADV _ 3 point advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 idea case 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 idea det 7 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 3 point obl 8 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 idea acl 9 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 8 coming advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 point punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 point can It a idea forward property vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to idea=Recipient 2 come gerund a idea not said here late property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
It is fun to swim.
nsubj cop mark xcomp punct root It PRON is AUX fun ADJ to PART swim VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 fun nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 fun cop 3 fun fun ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 swim mark 5 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 fun xcomp 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 fun punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It fun property tree rules 2 swim to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 5 Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.
«That's it» means that's all, or that's right; «this is it» means this is the moment; «you're it» is said in the game of tag; «go for it» means try it.
The tree, 35 words punct nsubj cop nsubj punct nsubj cop obj punct cc nsubj cop conj punct punct nsubj cop nsubj punct parataxis nsubj cop det obj punct punct nsubj aux:pass obj punct aux:pass conj case det obl case nmod punct punct csubj case obl punct parataxis ccomp obj punct root « PUNCT That PRON 's AUX it PRON » PUNCT means VERB that PRON 's AUX all DET , PUNCT or CCONJ that PRON 's AUX right ADJ ; PUNCT « PUNCT this PRON is AUX it PRON » PUNCT means VERB this PRON is AUX the DET moment NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT you PRON 're AUX it PRON » PUNCT is AUX said VERB in ADP the DET game NOUN of ADP tag NOUN ; PUNCT « PUNCT go VERB for ADP it PRON » PUNCT means VERB try VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 6 means punct 2 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 it nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 it cop 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 means nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 it punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 all nsubj 8 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 all cop 9 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 means obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 right punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 14 right cc 12 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 14 right nsubj 13 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 right cop 14 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 9 all conj 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 means punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 19 it punct 17 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 19 it nsubj 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 it cop 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 means nsubj 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 it punct 21 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 means parataxis 22 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 25 moment nsubj 23 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 25 moment cop 24 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 25 moment det 25 moment moment NOUN Number=Sing 21 means obj 26 ; ; PUNCT _ 33 said punct 27 « « PUNCT _ 33 said punct 28 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 33 said nsubj 29 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 33 said aux:pass 30 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 29 're obj 31 » » PUNCT _ 29 're punct 32 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 33 said aux:pass 33 said say VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 means conj 34 in in ADP _ 36 game case 35 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 36 game det 36 game game NOUN Number=Sing 33 said obl 37 of of ADP _ 38 tag case 38 tag tag NOUN Number=Sing 36 game nmod 39 ; ; PUNCT _ 41 go punct 40 « « PUNCT _ 41 go punct 41 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 45 means csubj 42 for for ADP _ 43 it case 43 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 41 go obl 44 » » PUNCT _ 41 go punct 45 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 means parataxis 46 try try VERB VerbForm=Inf 45 means ccomp 47 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 46 try obj 48 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a in a quote present That it tree rules 2 mean present it all vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Topic 3 is present that right property tree rules 4 is a in a quote present this it tree rules 5 mean present it vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 6 is a present this the moment tree rules 7 say speech: assert present · passive you the game of tag vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme in game=Manner 8 go in a quote infinitive for tag vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for it=Beneficiary 9 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 10 try infinitive tag vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality
Meaning 6 Usage: rough — kept apart, not parsed.
«Cut it out!», «stop it!», «pack it in!» (UK) mean stop doing that now; «you'll get it» means you'll be punished.
Sentence 1: «Cut it out!», «stop it!», «pack it in!»
The tree, 8 words punct obj compound:prt punct punct punct punct conj obj punct punct punct punct conj obj compound:prt punct punct root « PUNCT Cut VERB it PRON out ADP ! PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT stop VERB it PRON ! PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT pack VERB it PRON in ADP ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct 2 Cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 Cut obj 4 out out ADP _ 2 Cut compound:prt 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 stop punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 stop punct 9 stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Cut conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 stop obj 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct 12 » » PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 pack punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 pack punct 15 pack pack VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 Cut conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 pack obj 17 in in ADP _ 15 pack compound:prt 18 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct 19 » » PUNCT _ 2 Cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut out in a quote imperative you not said here it vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector it=Eventuality 2 stop in a quote infinitive you not said here it vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality 3 pack in in a quote infinitive you not said here it vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Sentence 2: (UK) mean stop doing that now; «you'll get it» means you'll be punished.
The tree, 15 words punct nsubj punct ccomp xcomp mark advcl punct punct nsubj aux nsubj obj punct parataxis nsubj:pass aux aux:pass ccomp punct root ( PUNCT UK PROPN ) PUNCT mean VERB stop VERB doing VERB that SCONJ now ADV ; PUNCT « PUNCT you PRON 'll AUX get VERB it PRON » PUNCT means VERB you PRON 'll AUX be AUX punished VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 2 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 3 ) ) PUNCT _ 2 UK punct 4 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean ccomp 6 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 stop xcomp 7 that that SCONJ _ 8 now mark 8 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 doing advcl 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 means punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 13 get punct 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 get nsubj 12 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 get aux 13 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 means nsubj 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 get obj 15 » » PUNCT _ 13 get punct 16 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 mean parataxis 17 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 punished nsubj:pass 18 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 punished aux 19 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 20 punished aux:pass 20 punished punish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 means ccomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present UK vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stop infinitive vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 do gerund vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 get in a quote future you it vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus 5 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 6 punish future · passive you vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Meaning 7 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
The exam voice uses «it» in stiff openings: «It is given that …», «It may be assumed that …», «It follows that …».
The tree, 20 words det compound nsubj punct obj punct case amod obl punct punct nsubj:pass aux:pass parataxis obj punct punct punct punct nsubj:pass aux aux:pass parataxis obj punct punct punct punct nsubj parataxis obj punct punct punct root The DET exam NOUN voice NOUN uses VERB « PUNCT it PRON » PUNCT in ADP stiff ADJ openings NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON is AUX given VERB that PRON … PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON may AUX be AUX assumed VERB that PRON … PUNCT » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT It PRON follows VERB that PRON … PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 voice det 2 exam exam NOUN Number=Sing 3 voice compound 3 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 uses nsubj 4 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 it punct 6 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 uses obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 it punct 8 in in ADP _ 10 openings case 9 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 10 openings amod 10 openings opening NOUN Number=Plur 4 uses obl 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 given punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 15 given punct 13 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 given nsubj:pass 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 given aux:pass 15 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 uses parataxis 16 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 15 given obj 17 … . PUNCT _ 15 given punct 18 » » PUNCT _ 15 given punct 19 , , PUNCT _ 24 assumed punct 20 « « PUNCT _ 24 assumed punct 21 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 24 assumed nsubj:pass 22 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 24 assumed aux 23 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 24 assumed aux:pass 24 assumed assume VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 uses parataxis 25 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 24 assumed obj 26 … . PUNCT _ 24 assumed punct 27 » » PUNCT _ 24 assumed punct 28 , , PUNCT _ 31 follows punct 29 « « PUNCT _ 31 follows punct 30 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 31 follows nsubj 31 follows follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 uses parataxis 32 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 31 follows obj 33 … . PUNCT _ 31 follows punct 34 » » PUNCT _ 31 follows punct 35 . . PUNCT _ 4 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present the exam voice it stiff openings vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 give in a quote present · passive voice vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme 3 assume in a quote may · passive voice vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme that=Eventuality 4 follow in a quote present voice that vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
Example 1 Here the word «more» does not mean adding: it asks how big the difference is.
The tree, 15 words advmod det nsubj punct appos punct aux advmod xcomp punct nsubj parataxis advmod ccomp det nsubj cop punct root Here ADV the DET word NOUN « PUNCT more ADJ » PUNCT does AUX not PART mean VERB adding VERB : PUNCT it PRON asks VERB how ADV big ADJ the DET difference NOUN is AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Here here ADV PronType=Dem 3 word advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 word det 3 word word NOUN Number=Sing 9 mean nsubj 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 more punct 5 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 word appos 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 more punct 7 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 mean aux 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 mean advmod 9 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 adding add VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 mean xcomp 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 asks punct 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 asks nsubj 13 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 mean parataxis 14 how how ADV PronType=Int 15 big advmod 15 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 13 asks ccomp 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 difference det 17 difference difference NOUN Number=Sing 15 big nsubj 18 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 big cop 19 . . PUNCT _ 9 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not mean present · do-support the word vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 add speech: assert not said to happen gerund the word not said here vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 ask speech: ask present word vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is present the difference big property tree rules
Example 2 Sam had a pie and cut it into 6 slices.
nsubj det obj cc conj obj case nummod obl punct root Sam PROPN had VERB a DET pie NOUN and CCONJ cut VERB it PRON into ADP 6 NUM slices NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pie det 4 pie pie NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 cut cc 6 cut cut VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 cut obj 8 into into ADP _ 10 slices case 9 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 slices nummod 10 slices slice NOUN Number=Plur 6 cut obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Sam a pie vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pie=Patient 2 cut past Sam not said here pie 6 slices vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent it=Material into slice=Product
Example 3 I found a shell and put it in my bag.
nsubj det obj cc conj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root I PRON found VERB a DET shell NOUN and CCONJ put VERB it PRON in ADP my PRON bag NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 found nsubj 2 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 shell det 4 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 2 found obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 put cc 6 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 found conj 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 put obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 bag case 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 bag nmod:poss 10 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 6 put obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past I a shell vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Topic 2 put infinitive I not said here shell my bag vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in bag=Destination
Example 4 It is cold outside today.
nsubj cop advmod obl:unmarked punct root It PRON is AUX cold ADJ outside ADV today NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 cold nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 cold cop 3 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 outside outside ADV _ 3 cold advmod 5 today today NOUN Number=Sing 3 cold obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 cold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It today cold, outside property tree rules
Example 5 It is time for bed.
nsubj cop case nmod punct root It PRON is AUX time NOUN for ADP bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 time nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 time cop 3 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 for for ADP _ 5 bed case 5 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 3 time nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It time for bed tree rules
Example 6 What is it?
cop nsubj punct root What PRON is AUX it PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 What nsubj 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present it tree rules
Example 7 The dog wagged its tail.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET dog NOUN wagged VERB its PRON tail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dog det 2 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 3 wagged nsubj 3 wagged wag VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 tail nmod:poss 5 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 3 wagged obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 wagged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wag past the dog dog's tail vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient
Example 8 Tag, you're it!
punct nsubj cop conj punct root Tag NOUN , PUNCT you PRON 're AUX it PRON ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tag tag NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 5 it punct 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 it nsubj 4 're be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 it cop 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Tag conj 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 it punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present you Tag tree rules
Example 9 It's 8:25, bus is at 8:40, we'll make it
nsubj cop punct nsubj cop case conj punct nsubj aux conj obj root It PRON 's AUX 8:25 NUM , PUNCT bus NOUN is AUX at ADP 8:40 NUM , PUNCT we PRON 'll AUX make VERB it PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 8:25 nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 8:25 cop 3 8:25 8:25 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 8:40 punct 5 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 8 8:40 nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 8:40 cop 7 at at ADP _ 8 8:40 case 8 8:40 8:40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 8:25 conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 make punct 10 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 make nsubj 11 'll will AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 make aux 12 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 8:40 conj 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 make obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It 8:25 tree rules 2 is present bus 8:40 tree rules 3 make future we bus vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product
Example 10 Cut it out, you two, or no pudding!
obj compound:prt punct parataxis appos punct cc det obl punct root Cut VERB it PRON out ADP , PUNCT you PRON two NUM , PUNCT or CCONJ no DET pudding NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Cut obj 3 out out ADP _ 1 Cut compound:prt 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 you punct 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 Cut parataxis 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 you appos 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 pudding punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 pudding cc 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 10 pudding det 10 pudding pudding NOUN Number=Sing 1 Cut obl 11 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut out imperative you not said here it no pudding obl vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector it=Eventuality
Example 11 That's it, no more biscuits.
nsubj cop nsubj punct det amod punct root That PRON 's AUX it PRON , PUNCT no DET more ADJ biscuits NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 it nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 it cop 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 biscuits nsubj 4 , , PUNCT _ 7 biscuits punct 5 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 biscuits det 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 biscuits amod 7 biscuits biscuit NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 biscuits punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present That it tree rules
Example 12 It is given that a pie is divided into 6 congruent portions, of which 2 are consumed.
The tree, 17 words nsubj:pass aux:pass mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case nummod amod obl punct case obl nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root It PRON is AUX given VERB that SCONJ a DET pie NOUN is AUX divided VERB into ADP 6 NUM congruent ADJ portions NOUN , PUNCT of ADP which PRON 2 NUM are AUX consumed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 given nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 given aux:pass 3 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 8 divided mark 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pie det 6 pie pie NOUN Number=Sing 8 divided nsubj:pass 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 divided aux:pass 8 divided divide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 given advcl 9 into into ADP _ 12 portions case 10 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 portions nummod 11 congruent congruent ADJ Degree=Pos 12 portions amod 12 portions portion NOUN Number=Plur 8 divided obl 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 consumed punct 14 of of ADP _ 15 which case 15 which which PRON PronType=Rel 18 consumed obl 16 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 18 consumed nsubj:pass 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 consumed aux:pass 18 consumed consume VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 divided conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 given punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present · passive It vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 divide present · passive a pie 6 congruent portions vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 3 consume present · passive 2 vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset
Example 13 "Does it hurt?" asked the Rabbit.
punct aux nsubj ccomp punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT Does AUX it PRON hurt VERB ? PUNCT " PUNCT asked VERB the DET Rabbit NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 hurt punct 2 Does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hurt aux 3 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 hurt nsubj 4 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 asked ccomp 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 hurt punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 4 hurt punct 7 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Rabbit det 9 Rabbit rabbit NOUN Number=Sing 7 asked obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 asked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurt in a quote present · do-support it vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus 2 ask speech: ask past the Rabbit vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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