italian Who acts: Italian, We, Pizza, grandma, She, Ciao · What happens: mean, be, speak, have, learn, come · To what, where: Italy, Italian person, language, dinner, Italian restaurant, famous Italian food · Speech: someone speaks here
«italian» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: italian in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Italian means from or about Italy, a country in southern Europe.
nsubj case cc case obl punct det appos case amod nmod punct root Italian ADJ means VERB from ADP or CCONJ about ADP Italy PROPN , PUNCT a DET country NOUN in ADP southern ADJ Europe PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 6 Italy case 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 Italy cc 5 about about ADP _ 6 Italy case 6 Italy Italy PROPN Number=Sing 2 means obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 country punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 country det 9 country country NOUN Number=Sing 6 Italy appos 10 in in ADP _ 12 Europe case 11 southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 12 Europe amod 12 Europe Europe PROPN Number=Sing 9 country nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Italian Italy vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An Italian is a person from Italy.
det amod cop det case nmod punct root An DET Italian ADJ is AUX a DET person NOUN from ADP Italy PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 2 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 5 person amod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 from from ADP _ 7 Italy case 7 Italy Italy PROPN Number=Sing 5 person nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a Italian person Italy tree rules
Meaning 3 Italian is the language spoken in Italy and parts of Switzerland.
nsubj cop det acl case obl cc conj case nmod punct root Italian PROPN is AUX the DET language NOUN spoken VERB in ADP Italy PROPN and CCONJ parts NOUN of ADP Switzerland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Italian Italian PROPN Number=Sing 4 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 language cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 language det 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 language acl 6 in in ADP _ 7 Italy case 7 Italy Italy PROPN Number=Sing 5 spoken obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 parts cc 9 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 7 Italy conj 10 of of ADP _ 11 Switzerland case 11 Switzerland Switzerland PROPN Number=Sing 9 parts nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Italian the language tree rules 2 speak speech: other participle the language not said here Italy and parts of Switzerland vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 We had dinner at an Italian restaurant.
nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root We PRON had VERB dinner NOUN at ADP an DET Italian ADJ restaurant NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 dinner dinner NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 4 at at ADP _ 7 restaurant case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 restaurant det 6 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 7 restaurant amod 7 restaurant restaurant NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past We dinner a Italian restaurant vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient
Example 2 Pizza is a famous Italian food.
nsubj cop det amod amod punct root Pizza NOUN is AUX a DET famous ADJ Italian ADJ food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pizza pizza NOUN Number=Sing 6 food nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 food cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 food det 4 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 6 food amod 5 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 6 food amod 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pizza a famous Italian food tree rules
Example 3 My friend's grandma is Italian.
nmod:poss nmod:poss case nsubj cop punct root My PRON friend NOUN 's PART grandma NOUN is AUX Italian ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 grandma nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 friend case 4 grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 6 Italian nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 Italian cop 6 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 Italian punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present My friend's grandma italian property tree rules
Example 4 She is learning to speak Italian.
nsubj aux mark xcomp obj punct root She PRON is AUX learning VERB to PART speak VERB Italian PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 learning nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 learning aux 3 learning learn VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 to to PART _ 5 speak mark 5 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 learning xcomp 6 Italian Italian PROPN Number=Sing 5 speak obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 learning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present · progressive She vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 speak speech: other to-infinitive She not said here Italian tree rules
Example 5 «Ciao» means hello in Italian.
punct nsubj punct obj case obl punct root « PUNCT Ciao PROPN » PUNCT means VERB hello NOUN in ADP Italian PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Ciao punct 2 Ciao Ciao PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Ciao punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 hello hello NOUN Number=Sing 4 means obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 Italian case 7 Italian Italian PROPN _ 4 means obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Ciao hello in Italian vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hello=Theme in italian=Attribute
Example 6 Many music words come from Italian.
amod compound nsubj case obl punct root Many ADJ music NOUN words NOUN come VERB from ADP Italian PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 words amod 2 music music NOUN Number=Sing 3 words compound 3 words word NOUN Number=Plur 4 come nsubj 4 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 6 Italian case 6 Italian Italian PROPN _ 4 come obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Many music words Italian vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from italian=Initial_Location
Example 7 Rome is the capital of Italy, and the people there are Italians.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct cc det nsubj expl acl:relcl appos punct root Rome PROPN is AUX the DET capital NOUN of ADP Italy PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ the DET people NOUN there PRON are AUX Italians PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rome Rome PROPN Number=Sing 4 capital nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 capital cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 capital det 4 capital capital NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 Italy case 6 Italy Italy PROPN Number=Sing 4 capital nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 13 Italians punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 13 Italians cc 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 people det 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 13 Italians nsubj 11 there there PRON PronType=Dem 12 are expl 12 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 people acl:relcl 13 Italians Italian PROPN Number=Plur 4 capital appos 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 capital punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Rome the capital of Italy tree rules
Example 8 The Italian team won the match.
det amod nsubj det obj punct root The DET Italian ADJ team NOUN won VERB the DET match NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 team det 2 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 3 team amod 3 team team NOUN Number=Sing 4 won nsubj 4 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 match det 6 match match NOUN Number=Sing 4 won obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 won punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 win past the Italian team the match vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality
Example 9 It occurs in Swift and in modern Italian folk-lore.
nsubj case obl cc case amod amod compound punct conj punct root It PRON occurs VERB in ADP Swift PROPN and CCONJ in ADP modern ADJ Italian ADJ folk NOUN - PUNCT lore NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 occurs nsubj 2 occurs occur VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 Swift case 4 Swift Swift PROPN Number=Sing 2 occurs obl 5 and and CCONJ _ 11 lore cc 6 in in ADP _ 11 lore case 7 modern modern ADJ Degree=Pos 11 lore amod 8 Italian Italian ADJ Degree=Pos 11 lore amod 9 folk folk NOUN Number=Sing 11 lore compound 10 - - PUNCT _ 9 folk punct 11 lore lore NOUN Number=Sing 4 Swift conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 occurs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 occur present It Swift and modern Italian folk lore vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in swift=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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