jam Who acts: Jam, sugar, traffic jam, door, Mom, jar · What happens: be, make, spread, not move, jam, push · To what, where: sweet food, fruit, bread, something, space, difficult situation
«jam» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: jam in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Jam is a sweet food made from fruit and sugar that you spread on bread.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det amod acl case obl cc conj nsubj nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root Jam NOUN is AUX a DET sweet ADJ food NOUN made VERB from ADP fruit NOUN and CCONJ sugar NOUN that PRON you PRON spread VERB on ADP bread NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 5 food nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 food cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 food det 4 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 5 food amod 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 food acl 7 from from ADP _ 8 fruit case 8 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 6 made obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 sugar cc 10 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 8 fruit conj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 spread nsubj 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 spread nsubj 13 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 sugar acl:relcl 14 on on ADP _ 15 bread case 15 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 13 spread obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Jam a sweet food tree rules 2 make participle a sweet food not said here fruit and sugar vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from fruit=Material 3 spread present sugar bread vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bread=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A traffic jam is when many cars are stuck and cannot move.
det compound nsubj cop advmod amod nsubj cop cc aux advmod conj punct root A DET traffic NOUN jam NOUN is AUX when ADV many ADJ cars NOUN are AUX stuck ADJ and CCONJ can AUX not PART move VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 jam det 2 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 3 jam compound 3 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 9 stuck nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 stuck cop 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 stuck advmod 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 cars amod 7 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 9 stuck nsubj 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 stuck cop 9 stuck stuck ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 and and CCONJ _ 13 move cc 11 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 move aux 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 move advmod 13 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 stuck conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 9 stuck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a traffic jam stuck property tree rules 2 not move can a traffic jam not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 To jam is to get stuck or to push something tightly into a space: the door jammed.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj cop mark xcomp cc mark conj obj advmod case det obl punct det nsubj conj punct root To PART jam VERB is AUX to PART get VERB stuck ADJ or CCONJ to PART push VERB something PRON tightly ADV into ADP a DET space NOUN : PUNCT the DET door NOUN jammed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 jam mark 2 jam jam VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 get csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 get cop 4 to to PART _ 5 get mark 5 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 stuck stuck ADJ Degree=Pos 5 get xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 push cc 8 to to PART _ 9 push mark 9 push push VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 get conj 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 push obj 11 tightly tightly ADV _ 9 push advmod 12 into into ADP _ 14 space case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 space det 14 space space NOUN Number=Sing 9 push obl 15 : : PUNCT _ 18 jammed punct 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 door det 17 door door NOUN Number=Sing 18 jammed nsubj 18 jammed jam VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 get conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jam to-infinitive vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 2 is present get, stuck property tree rules 3 push to-infinitive something a space tightly property vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Theme into space=Destination 4 jam past the door vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 A jam is a difficult situation: in a jam.
det nsubj cop det amod punct case det nmod punct root A DET jam NOUN is AUX a DET difficult ADJ situation NOUN : PUNCT in ADP a DET jam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 jam det 2 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 6 situation nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 situation cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 situation det 5 difficult difficult ADJ Degree=Pos 6 situation amod 6 situation situation NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 : : PUNCT _ 6 situation punct 8 in in ADP _ 10 jam case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 jam det 10 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 6 situation nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 situation punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a jam a difficult situation a jam tree rules
Meaning 5 To jam is also to play music together freely.
mark advcl cop advmod mark obj advmod advmod punct root To PART jam NOUN is AUX also ADV to PART play VERB music NOUN together ADV freely ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 jam mark 2 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 6 play advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 play cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 play advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 play mark 6 play play VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 music music NOUN Number=Sing 6 play obj 8 together together ADV _ 6 play advmod 9 freely freely ADV _ 6 play advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present freely, play, together property tree rules
Example 1 Mom made 6 jars of jam.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root Mom NOUN made VERB 6 NUM jars NOUN of ADP jam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mom mom NOUN Number=Sing 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 jars nummod 4 jars jar NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 jam case 6 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 4 jars nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Mom 6 jars of jam vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jar=Product
Example 2 Each jar holds 250 grams of jam.
det nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root Each DET jar NOUN holds VERB 250 NUM grams NOUN of ADP jam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 jar det 2 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 250 250 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 grams nummod 5 grams gram NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 jam case 7 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 5 grams nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present each jar 250 grams of jam vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gram=Theme
Example 3 They sat in a traffic jam for 20 minutes.
nsubj case det compound obl case nummod obl punct root They PRON sat VERB in ADP a DET traffic NOUN jam NOUN for ADP 20 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sat nsubj 2 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 6 jam case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 jam det 5 traffic traffic NOUN Number=Sing 6 jam compound 6 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 2 sat obl 7 for for ADP _ 9 minutes case 8 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 minutes nummod 9 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 sat obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past They a traffic jam minute vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in jam=Location
Example 4 She spreads jam on 8 slices of bread.
nsubj obj case nummod obl case nmod punct root She PRON spreads VERB jam NOUN on ADP 8 NUM slices NOUN of ADP bread NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 spreads nsubj 2 spreads spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 2 spreads obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 slices case 5 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 slices nummod 6 slices slice NOUN Number=Plur 2 spreads obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 bread case 8 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 6 slices nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 spreads punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread present She jam 8 slices of bread vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent jam=Theme on slice=Destination 2 slice bread nom slice «possession transitive»: of=patient
Example 5 I like toast with strawberry jam.
nsubj obj case compound obl punct root I PRON like VERB toast NOUN with ADP strawberry NOUN jam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 like nsubj 2 like like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 toast toast NOUN Number=Sing 2 like obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 jam case 5 strawberry strawberry NOUN Number=Sing 6 jam compound 6 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 2 like obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 like punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 like present I toast with strawberry jam vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot toast=Theme
Example 6 The printer has a paper jam.
det nsubj det compound obj punct root The DET printer NOUN has VERB a DET paper NOUN jam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 printer det 2 printer printer NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 jam det 5 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 6 jam compound 6 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the printer a paper jam vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jam=Patient
Example 7 The drawer jammed and would not open.
det nsubj cc aux advmod conj punct root The DET drawer NOUN jammed VERB and CCONJ would AUX not PART open VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 drawer det 2 drawer drawer NOUN Number=Sing 3 jammed nsubj 3 jammed jam VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 7 open cc 5 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 open aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 open advmod 7 open open VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 jammed conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 jammed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jam past the drawer vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme 2 not open would the drawer not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 The bus was jam-packed with fans.
det nsubj aux:pass compound punct case obl punct root The DET bus NOUN was AUX jam NOUN - PUNCT packed VERB with ADP fans NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bus det 2 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 6 packed nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 packed aux:pass 4 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 6 packed compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 jam punct 6 packed pack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 with with ADP _ 8 fans case 8 fans fan NOUN Number=Plur 6 packed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 packed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pack past · passive the bus with fans vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with fan=Theme
Example 9 I am in a jam: I forgot my homework.
nsubj cop case det punct nsubj conj nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON am AUX in ADP a DET jam NOUN : PUNCT I PRON forgot VERB my PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 jam nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 jam cop 3 in in ADP _ 5 jam case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 jam det 5 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 : : PUNCT _ 8 forgot punct 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 forgot nsubj 8 forgot forget VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 jam conj 9 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 homework nmod:poss 10 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing 8 forgot obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 jam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I a jam tree rules 2 forget past I my homework tree rules
Example 10 “And after the cauliflower, some cake and jam.”
punct cc case det punct det conj cc conj punct punct root “ PUNCT And CCONJ after ADP the DET cauliflower NOUN , PUNCT some DET cake NOUN and CCONJ jam NOUN . PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 5 cauliflower punct 2 And and CCONJ _ 5 cauliflower cc 3 after after ADP _ 5 cauliflower case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cauliflower det 5 cauliflower cauliflower NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 cake punct 7 some some DET PronType=Ind 8 cake det 8 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 5 cauliflower conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 jam cc 10 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 5 cauliflower conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 cauliflower punct 12 ” " PUNCT _ 5 cauliflower punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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