jar Who acts: jar, fall, She, many jars, you, lid · What happens: be, keep, hold, knock, give, jar · To what, where: glass container, food, amount, unpleasant shock, knee, 30 cookies · Speech: someone speaks here
«jar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: jar in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A jar is a glass or plastic container with a wide top and a lid, for keeping food like jam or honey.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det compound cc conj case det amod nmod cc det conj punct mark parataxis obj case obl cc conj punct root A DET jar NOUN is AUX a DET glass NOUN or CCONJ plastic NOUN container NOUN with ADP a DET wide ADJ top NOUN and CCONJ a DET lid NOUN , PUNCT for SCONJ keeping VERB food NOUN like ADP jam NOUN or CCONJ honey NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 jar det 2 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 8 container nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 container cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 container det 5 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 8 container compound 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 plastic cc 7 plastic plastic NOUN Number=Sing 5 glass conj 8 container container NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 with with ADP _ 12 top case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 top det 11 wide wide ADJ Degree=Pos 12 top amod 12 top top NOUN Number=Sing 8 container nmod 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 lid cc 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 lid det 15 lid lid NOUN Number=Sing 12 top conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 keeping punct 17 for for SCONJ _ 18 keeping mark 18 keeping keep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 container parataxis 19 food food NOUN Number=Sing 18 keeping obj 20 like like ADP _ 21 jam case 21 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 18 keeping obl 22 or or CCONJ _ 23 honey cc 23 honey honey NOUN Number=Sing 21 jam conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 container punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a jar a glass container with a wide top and a lid tree rules 2 keep gerund food like jam or honey vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A jar of something is the amount a jar holds: a jar of jam.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj case nmod cop det det nsubj acl:relcl punct det nmod case nmod punct root A DET jar NOUN of ADP something PRON is AUX the DET amount NOUN a DET jar NOUN holds VERB : PUNCT a DET jar NOUN of ADP jam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 jar det 2 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 7 amount nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 jar nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 amount cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 amount det 7 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 jar det 9 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 10 holds nsubj 10 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 amount acl:relcl 11 : : PUNCT _ 13 jar punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 jar det 13 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 7 amount nmod 14 of of ADP _ 15 jam case 15 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 13 jar nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 amount punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a jar of something the amount a jar of jam nmod tree rules 2 hold present a jar the amount not said here vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Theme
Meaning 3 To jar is to shake or knock hard, or to give an unpleasant shock.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl cop mark cc conj advmod punct cc mark conj det amod obj punct root To PART jar NOUN is AUX to PART shake VERB or CCONJ knock VERB hard ADV , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART give VERB an DET unpleasant ADJ shock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 jar mark 2 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 5 shake advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shake cop 4 to to PART _ 5 shake mark 5 shake shake VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 knock cc 7 knock knock VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 shake conj 8 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 7 knock advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 give punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 give cc 11 to to PART _ 12 give mark 12 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 shake conj 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 shock det 14 unpleasant unpleasant ADJ Degree=Pos 15 shock amod 15 shock shock NOUN Number=Sing 12 give obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 shake punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present shake property tree rules 2 knock infinitive hard property vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient 3 give to-infinitive a unpleasant shock vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shock=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
The fall jarred his knee.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET fall NOUN jarred VERB his PRON knee NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fall det 2 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 3 jarred nsubj 3 jarred jar VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 knee nmod:poss 5 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 3 jarred obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 jarred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jar past the fall fall's knee vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus knee=Experiencer
Example 1 Each jar holds 30 cookies.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET jar NOUN holds VERB 30 NUM cookies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 jar det 2 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 cookies nummod 5 cookies cookie NOUN Number=Plur 3 holds obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 holds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold present each jar 30 cookies vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Theme
Example 2 She has 4 jars of jam.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root She PRON has VERB 4 NUM jars NOUN of ADP jam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 jars nummod 4 jars jar NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 jam case 6 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 4 jars nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She 4 jars of jam vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jar=Patient
Example 3 The jar has 25 coins.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET jar NOUN has VERB 25 NUM coins NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 jar det 2 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 25 25 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 coins nummod 5 coins coin NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the jar 25 coins vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient
Example 4 How many jars does she need for 90 sweets?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj case nummod obl punct root How ADV many ADJ jars NOUN does AUX she PRON need VERB for ADP 90 NUM sweets NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 jars amod 3 jars jar NOUN Number=Plur 6 need nsubj 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 need aux 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 need nsubj 6 need need VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 for for ADP _ 9 sweets case 8 90 90 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 sweets nummod 9 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 6 need obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present · do-support many jars for 90 sweets vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 5 Can you open this jar? The lid is stuck.
Sentence 1: Can you open this jar?
aux nsubj det obj punct root Can AUX you PRON open VERB this DET jar NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 open aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 open nsubj 3 open open VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 jar det 5 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 3 open obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 open punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open can you this jar vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jar=Theme
Sentence 2: The lid is stuck.
det nsubj cop punct root The DET lid NOUN is AUX stuck ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lid det 2 lid lid NOUN Number=Sing 4 stuck nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 stuck cop 4 stuck stuck ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 stuck punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the lid stuck property tree rules
Example 6 We kept the caterpillar in a jar with holes in the lid.
nsubj det obj case det obl case nmod case det nmod punct root We PRON kept VERB the DET caterpillar NOUN in ADP a DET jar NOUN with ADP holes NOUN in ADP the DET lid NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 kept nsubj 2 kept keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 caterpillar det 4 caterpillar caterpillar NOUN Number=Sing 2 kept obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 jar case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 jar det 7 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 2 kept obl 8 with with ADP _ 9 holes case 9 holes hole NOUN Number=Plur 7 jar nmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 lid case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 lid det 12 lid lid NOUN Number=Sing 9 holes nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past We the caterpillar a jar with holes in the lid vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent caterpillar=Theme in jar=Location
Example 7 Guess how many marbles are in the jar.
advmod amod nsubj cop case det ccomp punct root Guess VERB how ADV many ADJ marbles NOUN are AUX in ADP the DET jar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Guess guess VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 how how ADV PronType=Int 3 many advmod 3 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 marbles amod 4 marbles marble NOUN Number=Plur 8 jar nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 jar cop 6 in in ADP _ 8 jar case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 jar det 8 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 1 Guess ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Guess punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 guess imperative you not said here vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present many marbles the jar tree rules
Example 8 She put her pocket money in a jar every week.
nsubj nmod:poss compound obj case det obl det obl:unmarked punct root She PRON put VERB her PRON pocket NOUN money NOUN in ADP a DET jar NOUN every DET week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 money nmod:poss 4 pocket pocket NOUN Number=Sing 5 money compound 5 money money NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 jar case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 jar det 8 jar jar NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 every every DET PronType=Tot 10 week det 10 week week NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl:unmarked 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past She her pocket money a jar week vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent money=Theme in jar=Destination
Example 9 Grandma made five jars of strawberry jam.
nsubj nummod obj case compound nmod punct root Grandma NOUN made VERB five NUM jars NOUN of ADP strawberry NOUN jam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 jars nummod 4 jars jar NOUN Number=Plur 2 made obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 jam case 6 strawberry strawberry NOUN Number=Sing 7 jam compound 7 jam jam NOUN Number=Sing 4 jars nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Grandma five jars of strawberry jam vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jar=Product
Example 10 'You never told me what you did with those jars?'
punct nsubj advmod iobj obj nsubj ccomp case det obl punct punct root ' PUNCT You PRON never ADV told VERB me PRON what PRON you PRON did VERB with ADP those DET jars NOUN ? PUNCT ' PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ' ' PUNCT _ 4 told punct 2 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 told nsubj 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 told advmod 4 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 told iobj 6 what what PRON PronType=Int 8 did obj 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 did nsubj 8 did do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 told ccomp 9 with with ADP _ 11 jars case 10 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 11 jars det 11 jars jar NOUN Number=Plur 8 did obl 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 told punct 13 ' ' PUNCT _ 4 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not tell speech: assert past You me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic 2 do past you with that jars vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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