judge Who acts: judge, law, sure trials, person, man, judges · What happens: be, make, decide, charge, win, judge · To what, where: person, charge, punishments, court, competition, distance · Speech: someone speaks here
«judge» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: judge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A judge is the person in charge of a court of law who makes sure trials are fair and decides punishments.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case det nmod case nmod nsubj acl:relcl amod nsubj cop ccomp cc conj obj punct root A DET judge NOUN is AUX the DET person NOUN in ADP charge NOUN of ADP a DET court NOUN of ADP law NOUN who PRON makes VERB sure ADJ trials NOUN are AUX fair ADJ and CCONJ decides VERB punishments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 judge det 2 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 charge case 7 charge charge NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nmod 8 of of ADP _ 10 court case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 court det 10 court court NOUN Number=Sing 7 charge nmod 11 of of ADP _ 12 law case 12 law law NOUN Number=Sing 10 court nmod 13 who who PRON PronType=Rel 14 makes nsubj 14 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 law acl:relcl 15 sure sure ADJ Degree=Pos 16 trials amod 16 trials trial NOUN Number=Plur 18 fair nsubj 17 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 fair cop 18 fair fair ADJ Degree=Pos 14 makes ccomp 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 decides cc 20 decides decide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 makes conj 21 punishments punishment NOUN Number=Plur 20 decides obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a judge the person charge of a court of law tree rules 2 make present law vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 is present sure trials fair property tree rules 4 decide present law not said here punishments vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent punishment=Topic 5 charge a court of law nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A judge is a person who decides who wins a competition.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl nsubj ccomp det obj punct root A DET judge NOUN is AUX a DET person NOUN who PRON decides VERB who PRON wins VERB a DET competition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 judge det 2 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 decides nsubj 7 decides decide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 9 wins nsubj 9 wins win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 decides ccomp 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 competition det 11 competition competition NOUN Number=Sing 9 wins obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a judge a person tree rules 2 decide present a person vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 win present a competition vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent competition=Eventuality
Meaning 3 To judge is to form an opinion about someone or something.
mark csubj cop mark det obj case nmod cc conj punct root To PART judge VERB is AUX to PART form VERB an DET opinion NOUN about ADP someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 judge mark 2 judge judge VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 form csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 form cop 4 to to PART _ 5 form mark 5 form form VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 opinion det 7 opinion opinion NOUN Number=Sing 5 form obj 8 about about ADP _ 9 someone case 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 opinion nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 something cc 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 someone conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 form punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 judge to-infinitive vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent 2 is present form property tree rules
Meaning 4 To judge a competition is to decide the winner.
mark advcl det obj cop mark det obj punct root To PART judge VERB a DET competition NOUN is AUX to PART decide VERB the DET winner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 judge mark 2 judge judge VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 decide advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 competition det 4 competition competition NOUN Number=Sing 2 judge obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 decide cop 6 to to PART _ 7 decide mark 7 decide decide VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 winner det 9 winner winner NOUN Number=Sing 7 decide obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 decide punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 judge to-infinitive a competition vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent competition=Value 2 is present decide property tree rules
Meaning 5 To judge a distance, size or speed is to estimate it.
mark advcl det obj punct conj cc conj cop mark obj punct root To PART judge VERB a DET distance NOUN , PUNCT size NOUN or CCONJ speed NOUN is AUX to PART estimate VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 judge mark 2 judge judge VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 estimate advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 distance det 4 distance distance NOUN Number=Sing 2 judge obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 size punct 6 size size NOUN Number=Sing 4 distance conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 speed cc 8 speed speed NOUN Number=Sing 4 distance conj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 estimate cop 10 to to PART _ 11 estimate mark 11 estimate estimate VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 estimate obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 11 estimate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 judge to-infinitive a distance and size or speed vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent distance=Value 2 is present estimate property tree rules
Example 1 The judge said the man was guilty.
det nsubj det nsubj cop ccomp punct root The DET judge NOUN said VERB the DET man NOUN was AUX guilty ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 judge det 2 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 man det 5 man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 guilty nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 guilty cop 7 guilty guilty ADJ Degree=Pos 3 said ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the judge vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is past the man guilty property tree rules
Example 2 The judges chose her painting as the winner.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root The DET judges NOUN chose VERB her PRON painting NOUN as ADP the DET winner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 judges det 2 judges judge NOUN Number=Plur 3 chose nsubj 3 chose choose VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 painting nmod:poss 5 painting painting NOUN Number=Sing 3 chose obj 6 as as ADP _ 8 winner case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 winner det 8 winner winner NOUN Number=Sing 3 chose obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 chose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 choose past the judges her painting as the winner vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent painting=Theme
Example 3 Don't judge people by their clothes.
aux advmod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Do AUX n't PART judge VERB people NOUN by ADP their PRON clothes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 judge aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 judge advmod 3 judge judge VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 judge obj 5 by by ADP _ 7 clothes case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 clothes nmod:poss 7 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 3 judge obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 judge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not judge imperative · do-support you not said here people by people's clothes vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent people=Value
Example 4 It is hard to judge how fast a car is going.
expl cop mark xcomp advmod advmod det nsubj aux ccomp punct root It PRON is AUX hard ADJ to PART judge VERB how ADV fast ADV a DET car NOUN is AUX going VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 hard expl 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 hard cop 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 judge mark 5 judge judge VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 hard xcomp 6 how how ADV PronType=Int 7 fast advmod 7 fast fast ADV Degree=Pos 11 going advmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 car det 9 car car NOUN Number=Sing 11 going nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 going aux 11 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 judge ccomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present hard property tree rules 2 judge to-infinitive vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 go present · progressive a car fast property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Judging by the clouds, it will rain.
csubj case det obl punct nsubj aux punct root Judging VERB by ADP the DET clouds NOUN , PUNCT it PRON will AUX rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Judging judge VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 rain csubj 2 by by ADP _ 4 clouds case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 clouds det 4 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 1 Judging obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 1 Judging punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 rain nsubj 7 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 rain aux 8 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 rain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 judge gerund by the clouds vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent
Example 6 You can't judge a book by its cover.
nsubj aux advmod det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root You PRON ca AUX n't PART judge VERB a DET book NOUN by ADP its PRON cover NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 judge nsubj 2 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 judge aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 judge advmod 4 judge judge VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 book det 6 book book NOUN Number=Sing 4 judge obj 7 by by ADP _ 9 cover case 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 cover nmod:poss 9 cover cover NOUN Number=Sing 4 judge obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 judge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not judge can You a book by book's cover vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent book=Value
Example 7 My dad is a judge at the dog show.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det case det obl acl:relcl punct root My PRON dad NOUN is AUX a DET judge NOUN at ADP the DET dog NOUN show VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 dad nmod:poss 2 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 5 judge nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 judge cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 judge det 5 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 dog case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 dog det 8 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 9 show obl 9 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 judge acl:relcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 judge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My dad a judge tree rules 2 show infinitive a judge not said here at the dog vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 Judge for yourself which answer makes sense.
nsubj case nmod det nsubj obj punct root Judge NOUN for ADP yourself PRON which DET answer NOUN makes VERB sense NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes nsubj 2 for for ADP _ 3 yourself case 3 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 1 Judge nmod 4 which which DET PronType=Int 5 answer det 5 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes nsubj 6 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 sense sense NOUN Number=Sing 6 makes obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Judge for yourself sense vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sense=Product
Example 9 "That I promise," said the judge.
punct nsubj nsubj ccomp punct punct det obj punct root " PUNCT That PRON I PRON promise VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET judge NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 promise punct 2 That that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 4 promise nsubj 3 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 promise nsubj 4 promise promise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 said ccomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 promise punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 4 promise punct 7 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 judge det 9 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 7 said obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 promise speech: promise in a quote present That vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert past the judge vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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