kestrel Who acts: kestrel, It, Kestrels, We · What happens: be, hover, beat, look down, swoop down, catch · To what, where: small bird, one place, wings, kestrel, field, mouse
«kestrel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: kestrel in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A kestrel is a small bird of prey, a kind of falcon, with brown feathers and a long tail.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct det conj case nmod punct case amod conj cc det amod conj punct root A DET kestrel NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ bird NOUN of ADP prey NOUN , PUNCT a DET kind NOUN of ADP falcon NOUN , PUNCT with ADP brown ADJ feathers NOUN and CCONJ a DET long ADJ tail NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kestrel det 2 kestrel kestrel NOUN Number=Sing 6 bird nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bird cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bird det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 bird amod 6 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 prey case 8 prey prey NOUN Number=Sing 6 bird nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 kind punct 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 kind det 11 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 6 bird conj 12 of of ADP _ 13 falcon case 13 falcon falcon NOUN Number=Sing 11 kind nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 feathers punct 15 with with ADP _ 17 feathers case 16 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 17 feathers amod 17 feathers feather NOUN Number=Plur 6 bird conj 18 and and CCONJ _ 21 tail cc 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 tail det 20 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 21 tail amod 21 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 17 feathers conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 6 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a kestrel a small bird and a kind of falcon and brown feathers and a long tail of prey tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is famous for hovering in one place in the air, beating its wings, while looking down for mice and insects.
The tree, 21 words nsubj cop mark advcl case nummod obl case det nmod punct conj nmod:poss obj punct mark conj compound:prt case obl cc conj punct root It PRON is AUX famous ADJ for SCONJ hovering VERB in ADP one NUM place NOUN in ADP the DET air NOUN , PUNCT beating VERB its PRON wings NOUN , PUNCT while SCONJ looking VERB down ADP for ADP mice NOUN and CCONJ insects NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 famous nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 famous cop 3 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 for for SCONJ _ 5 hovering mark 5 hovering hover VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 famous advcl 6 in in ADP _ 8 place case 7 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 place nummod 8 place place NOUN Number=Sing 5 hovering obl 9 in in ADP _ 11 air case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 air det 11 air air NOUN Number=Sing 8 place nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 beating punct 13 beating beat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 hovering conj 14 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 wings nmod:poss 15 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 13 beating obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 looking punct 17 while while SCONJ _ 18 looking mark 18 looking look VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 hovering conj 19 down down ADP _ 18 looking compound:prt 20 for for ADP _ 21 mice case 21 mice mouse NOUN Number=Plur 18 looking obl 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 insects cc 23 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 21 mice conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 3 famous punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It famous property tree rules 2 hover gerund one place in the air vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location 3 beat gerund air's wings vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme 4 look down gerund for mice and insects vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for mouse=Theme
Example 1 A kestrel hovered above the field.
det acl case det obl punct root A DET kestrel NOUN hovered VERB above ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kestrel det 2 kestrel kestrel NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 hovered hover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 kestrel acl 4 above above ADP _ 6 field case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 field det 6 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 hovered obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 kestrel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hover participle a kestrel not said here the field vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above field=Location
Example 2 The kestrel swooped down and caught a mouse.
det nsubj compound:prt cc conj det obj punct root The DET kestrel NOUN swooped VERB down ADP and CCONJ caught VERB a DET mouse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kestrel det 2 kestrel kestrel NOUN Number=Sing 3 swooped nsubj 3 swooped swoop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADP _ 3 swooped compound:prt 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 caught cc 6 caught catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 swooped conj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 mouse det 8 mouse mouse NOUN Number=Sing 6 caught obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 swooped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swoop down past the kestrel tree rules 2 catch past the kestrel not said here a mouse vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme
Example 3 Kestrels are small falcons.
nsubj cop amod punct root Kestrels NOUN are AUX small ADJ falcons NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kestrels kestrel NOUN Number=Plur 4 falcons nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 falcons cop 3 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 falcons amod 4 falcons falcon NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 falcons punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Kestrels small falcons tree rules
Example 4 We saw a kestrel beside the motorway.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET kestrel NOUN beside ADP the DET motorway NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 kestrel det 4 kestrel kestrel NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 beside beside ADP _ 7 motorway case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 motorway det 7 motorway motorway NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a kestrel the motorway vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kestrel=Stimulus
Example 5 In the food chain, the vole is eaten by the kestrel.
case det compound obl punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root In ADP the DET food NOUN chain NOUN , PUNCT the DET vole NOUN is AUX eaten VERB by ADP the DET kestrel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 chain case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 chain det 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 chain compound 4 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 9 eaten obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 chain punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 vole det 7 vole vole NOUN Number=Sing 9 eaten nsubj:pass 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 eaten aux:pass 9 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 by by ADP _ 12 kestrel case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 kestrel det 12 kestrel kestrel NOUN Number=Sing 9 eaten obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 eaten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present · passive the kestrel the vole the food chain vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
Example 6 A kestrel has sharp talons and a hooked beak.
det nsubj amod obj cc det amod conj punct root A DET kestrel NOUN has VERB sharp ADJ talons NOUN and CCONJ a DET hooked VERB beak NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kestrel det 2 kestrel kestrel NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 5 talons amod 5 talons talon NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 beak cc 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 beak det 8 hooked hook VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 beak amod 9 beak beak NOUN Number=Sing 5 talons conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a kestrel sharp talons and a hooked beak vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talon=Patient 2 hook participle vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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