kingfisher Who acts: kingfisher, long sharp beak, kingfishers, We, kookaburra · What happens: be, dive, catch, see, nest, copy · To what, where: small coloured bird, water, fish, lizards, land, river
«kingfisher» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: kingfisher in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A kingfisher is a small, brightly coloured bird with a big head and a long sharp beak that dives into water to catch fish.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod punct advmod amod case det amod nmod cc det amod amod conj nsubj acl:relcl case obl mark advcl obj punct root A DET kingfisher NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ , PUNCT brightly ADV coloured ADJ bird NOUN with ADP a DET big ADJ head NOUN and CCONJ a DET long ADJ sharp ADJ beak NOUN that PRON dives VERB into ADP water NOUN to PART catch VERB fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kingfisher det 2 kingfisher kingfisher NOUN Number=Sing 9 bird nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 bird cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 bird det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 bird amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 small punct 7 brightly brightly ADV _ 8 coloured advmod 8 coloured coloured ADJ Degree=Pos 9 bird amod 9 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 with with ADP _ 13 head case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 head det 12 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 13 head amod 13 head head NOUN Number=Sing 9 bird nmod 14 and and CCONJ _ 18 beak cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 beak det 16 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 18 beak amod 17 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 18 beak amod 18 beak beak NOUN Number=Sing 13 head conj 19 that that PRON PronType=Rel 20 dives nsubj 20 dives dive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 beak acl:relcl 21 into into ADP _ 22 water case 22 water water NOUN Number=Sing 20 dives obl 23 to to PART _ 24 catch mark 24 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 dives advcl 25 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 24 catch obj 26 . . PUNCT _ 9 bird punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a kingfisher a small coloured bird with a big head and a long sharp beak tree rules 2 dive present a long sharp beak water vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into water=Location 3 catch to-infinitive a long sharp beak not said here fish vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Some kingfishers, such as the Australian kookaburra, are large and catch lizards and insects on land.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj punct case fixed det amod conj punct cop cc conj obj cc conj case obl punct root Some DET kingfishers NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP the DET Australian ADJ kookaburra NOUN , PUNCT are AUX large ADJ and CCONJ catch VERB lizards NOUN and CCONJ insects NOUN on ADP land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 kingfishers det 2 kingfishers kingfisher NOUN Number=Plur 11 large nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 8 kookaburra punct 4 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 8 kookaburra case 5 as as ADP _ 4 such fixed 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 kookaburra det 7 Australian Australian ADJ Degree=Pos 8 kookaburra amod 8 kookaburra kookaburra NOUN Number=Sing 2 kingfishers conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 2 kingfishers punct 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 large cop 11 large large ADJ Degree=Pos root root 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 catch cc 13 catch catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 large conj 14 lizards lizard NOUN Number=Plur 13 catch obj 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 insects cc 16 insects insect NOUN Number=Plur 14 lizards conj 17 on on ADP _ 18 land case 18 land land NOUN Number=Sing 13 catch obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 11 large punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present some kingfishers and the Australian kookaburra large property tree rules 2 catch present some kingfishers and the Australian kookaburra not said here lizards and insects land vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lizard=Theme
Example 1 A kingfisher dived into the river and caught a fish.
det nsubj case det obl cc conj det obj punct root A DET kingfisher NOUN dived VERB into ADP the DET river NOUN and CCONJ caught VERB a DET fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kingfisher det 2 kingfisher kingfisher NOUN Number=Sing 3 dived nsubj 3 dived dive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 river case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 river det 6 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 dived obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 caught cc 8 caught catch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 dived conj 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 fish det 10 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 8 caught obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 dived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dive past a kingfisher the river vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into river=Location 2 catch past a kingfisher not said here a fish vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
Example 2 We saw a flash of blue — a kingfisher!
nsubj det obj case nmod punct det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET flash NOUN of ADP blue ADJ — PUNCT a DET kingfisher NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 flash det 4 flash flash NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 blue case 6 blue blue ADJ Degree=Pos 4 flash nmod 7 — - PUNCT _ 9 kingfisher punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 kingfisher det 9 kingfisher kingfisher NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a flash of blue a kingfisher obl vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer flash=Stimulus
Example 3 The kookaburra is a big kingfisher.
det nsubj cop det amod punct root The DET kookaburra NOUN is AUX a DET big ADJ kingfisher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kookaburra det 2 kookaburra kookaburra NOUN Number=Sing 6 kingfisher nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 kingfisher cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 kingfisher det 5 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 6 kingfisher amod 6 kingfisher kingfisher NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 kingfisher punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the kookaburra a big kingfisher tree rules
Example 4 Kingfishers nest in tunnels in riverbanks.
nsubj case obl case obl punct root Kingfishers NOUN nest VERB in ADP tunnels NOUN in ADP riverbanks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kingfishers kingfisher NOUN Number=Plur 2 nest nsubj 2 nest nest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 tunnels case 4 tunnels tunnel NOUN Number=Plur 2 nest obl 5 in in ADP _ 6 riverbanks case 6 riverbanks riverbank NOUN Number=Plur 2 nest obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 nest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 nest present Kingfishers tunnels in riverbanks vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 5 The bullet train's nose was copied from a kingfisher's beak.
det compound nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass case det nmod:poss case obl punct root The DET bullet NOUN train NOUN 's PART nose NOUN was AUX copied VERB from ADP a DET kingfisher NOUN 's PART beak NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 train det 2 bullet bullet NOUN Number=Sing 3 train compound 3 train train NOUN Number=Sing 5 nose nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 train case 5 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 7 copied nsubj:pass 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 copied aux:pass 7 copied copy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 from from ADP _ 12 beak case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 kingfisher det 10 kingfisher kingfisher NOUN Number=Sing 12 beak nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 kingfisher case 12 beak beak NOUN Number=Sing 7 copied obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 copied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 copy past · passive the bullet train's nose a kingfisher's beak vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 6 Kingfishers need clean rivers with lots of small fish.
nsubj amod obj case obl case amod nmod punct root Kingfishers NOUN need VERB clean ADJ rivers NOUN with ADP lots NOUN of ADP small ADJ fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kingfishers kingfisher NOUN Number=Plur 2 need nsubj 2 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 clean clean ADJ Degree=Pos 4 rivers amod 4 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 2 need obj 5 with with ADP _ 6 lots case 6 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 2 need obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 fish case 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fish amod 9 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 6 lots nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present Kingfishers clean rivers with lots of small fish vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot river=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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