kiss Who acts: kiss, ball, Mum, Grandma, baby, Dad · What happens: kiss, mean, touch, show, be, write · To what, where: someone, love, touch, light touch, post, letter x · Speech: someone speaks here
«kiss» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: kiss in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To kiss means to touch someone with your lips to show love, care or a greeting.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj mark xcomp obj case nmod:poss obl mark advcl obj punct conj cc det conj punct root To PART kiss VERB means VERB to PART touch VERB someone PRON with ADP your PRON lips NOUN to PART show VERB love NOUN , PUNCT care NOUN or CCONJ a DET greeting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 kiss mark 2 kiss kiss VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 touch mark 5 touch touch VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 touch obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 lips case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 lips nmod:poss 9 lips lip NOUN Number=Plur 5 touch obl 10 to to PART _ 11 show mark 11 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 touch advcl 12 love love NOUN Number=Sing 11 show obj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 care punct 14 care care NOUN Number=Sing 12 love conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 greeting cc 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 greeting det 17 greeting greeting NOUN Number=Sing 12 love conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kiss to-infinitive vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 touch not said to happen to-infinitive someone with your lips vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent someone=Experiencer with lip=Instrument 4 show to-infinitive love and care or a greeting vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A kiss is that touch with the lips.
det nsubj cop mark case det nmod punct root A DET kiss NOUN is AUX that SCONJ touch NOUN with ADP the DET lips NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kiss det 2 kiss kiss NOUN Number=Sing 5 touch nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 touch cop 4 that that SCONJ _ 5 touch mark 5 touch touch NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 lips case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 lips det 8 lips lip NOUN Number=Plur 5 touch nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 touch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a kiss touch with the lips tree rules
Meaning 3 Kiss can mean a very light touch, like when a ball just kisses the post.
The tree, 15 words nsubj aux det advmod amod obj punct mark advmod det nsubj advmod conj det obj punct root Kiss NOUN can AUX mean VERB a DET very ADV light ADJ touch NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ when ADV a DET ball NOUN just ADV kisses VERB the DET post NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kiss kiss NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 touch det 5 very very ADV _ 6 light advmod 6 light light ADJ Degree=Pos 7 touch amod 7 touch touch NOUN Number=Sing 3 mean obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 14 kisses punct 9 like like SCONJ _ 14 kisses mark 10 when when ADV PronType=Int 14 kisses advmod 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 ball det 12 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 14 kisses nsubj 13 just just ADV _ 14 kisses advmod 14 kisses kiss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 mean conj 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 post det 16 post post NOUN Number=Sing 14 kisses obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Kiss a light touch vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent touch=Topic 2 kiss present a ball the post vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent post=Co-Agent
Meaning 4 A kiss can also be the letter x written at the end of a card or message to mean love.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det compound acl case det obl case det nmod cc conj mark acl obj punct root A DET kiss NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX the DET letter NOUN x NOUN written VERB at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET card NOUN or CCONJ message NOUN to PART mean VERB love NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 kiss det 2 kiss kiss NOUN Number=Sing 8 x nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 x aux 4 also also ADV _ 8 x advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 x cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 x det 7 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 8 x compound 8 x x NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 x acl 10 at at ADP _ 12 end case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 end det 12 end end NOUN Number=Sing 9 written obl 13 of of ADP _ 15 card case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 card det 15 card card NOUN Number=Sing 12 end nmod 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 message cc 17 message message NOUN Number=Sing 15 card conj 18 to to PART _ 19 mean mark 19 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 message acl 20 love love NOUN Number=Sing 19 mean obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 8 x punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a kiss the letter x tree rules 2 write participle the letter x not said here at the end of a card or message vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 mean to-infinitive love vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent love=Topic
Example 1 Mum kissed me goodnight.
nsubj obj obj punct root Mum NOUN kissed VERB me PRON goodnight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 kissed nsubj 2 kissed kiss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 kissed obj 4 goodnight goodnight NOUN Number=Sing 2 kissed obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 kissed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kiss past Mum me tree rules
Example 2 Grandma gave me a kiss on the cheek.
nsubj iobj det obj case det obl punct root Grandma NOUN gave VERB me PRON a DET kiss NOUN on ADP the DET cheek NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 gave iobj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kiss det 5 kiss kiss NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 cheek case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cheek det 8 cheek cheek NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past Grandma a kiss me the cheek vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent i=Recipient kiss=Theme on cheek=Asset
Example 3 The baby blew a kiss to her dad.
det nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET baby NOUN blew VERB a DET kiss NOUN to ADP her PRON dad NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 baby det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew nsubj 3 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 kiss det 5 kiss kiss NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 dad case 7 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 dad nmod:poss 8 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 blew obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow past the baby a kiss baby's dad vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kiss=Patient to dad=Recipient
Example 4 Dad kissed my knee to make it better.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark advcl obj xcomp punct root Dad NOUN kissed VERB my PRON knee NOUN to PART make VERB it PRON better ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 kissed nsubj 2 kissed kiss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 knee nmod:poss 4 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 2 kissed obj 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 kissed advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 make obj 8 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 make xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 kissed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kiss past Dad my knee vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Co-Agent 2 make to-infinitive Dad not said here knee good property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
Example 5 In the story the frog turned into a prince after the kiss.
case det obl det nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN the DET frog NOUN turned VERB into ADP a DET prince NOUN after ADP the DET kiss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 6 turned obl 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 frog det 5 frog frog NOUN Number=Sing 6 turned nsubj 6 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 into into ADP _ 9 prince case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 prince det 9 prince prince NOUN Number=Sing 6 turned obl 10 after after ADP _ 12 kiss case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 kiss det 12 kiss kiss NOUN Number=Sing 6 turned obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past the frog the story after the kiss into a prince vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in story=Trajectory
Example 6 She signed her card «Love, Emma xxx».
nsubj nmod:poss obj punct parataxis punct compound conj punct punct root She PRON signed VERB her PRON card NOUN « PUNCT Love NOUN , PUNCT Emma PROPN xxx NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 signed nsubj 2 signed sign VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 card nmod:poss 4 card card NOUN Number=Sing 2 signed obj 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 Love punct 6 Love love NOUN Number=Sing 2 signed parataxis 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 xxx punct 8 Emma Emma PROPN Number=Sing 9 xxx compound 9 xxx xxx NOUN Number=Sing 6 Love conj 10 » » PUNCT _ 6 Love punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 signed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sign past She her card vn instr_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent card=Recipient clause=Topic
Example 7 You can say «no thanks» if you do not want a kiss.
The tree, 12 words nsubj aux punct det obj punct mark nsubj aux advmod advcl det obj punct root You PRON can AUX say VERB « PUNCT no DET thanks NOUN » PUNCT if SCONJ you PRON do AUX not PART want VERB a DET kiss NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 say nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 say aux 3 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 thanks punct 5 no no DET PronType=Neg 6 thanks det 6 thanks thanks NOUN Number=Sing 3 say obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 thanks punct 8 if if SCONJ _ 12 want mark 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 want nsubj 10 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 want aux 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 want advmod 12 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 say advcl 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 kiss det 14 kiss kiss NOUN Number=Sing 12 want obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert can You no thanks vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thanks=Topic 2 not want a condition, not said to happen present · do-support you a kiss vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot kiss=Theme
Example 8 The ball just kissed the crossbar and went over.
det nsubj advmod det obj cc conj advmod punct root The DET ball NOUN just ADV kissed VERB the DET crossbar NOUN and CCONJ went VERB over ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 4 kissed nsubj 3 just just ADV _ 4 kissed advmod 4 kissed kiss VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 crossbar det 6 crossbar crossbar NOUN Number=Sing 4 kissed obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 went cc 8 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 kissed conj 9 over over ADV _ 8 went advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 kissed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kiss past the ball the crossbar vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossbar=Co-Agent 2 go over past the ball not said here over property vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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