koala Who acts: koala, black nose, It, baby, Koalas, We · What happens: be, live, eat, call, grow, hold · To what, where: grey furry Australian animal, eucalyptus trees, leaves, marsupial, joey, pouch · Speech: someone speaks here
«koala» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: koala in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A koala is a grey, furry Australian animal with big round ears and a black nose that lives in eucalyptus trees and eats their leaves.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod amod case amod amod nmod cc det amod conj nsubj acl:relcl case compound obl cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root A DET koala NOUN is AUX a DET grey ADJ , PUNCT furry ADJ Australian ADJ animal NOUN with ADP big ADJ round ADJ ears NOUN and CCONJ a DET black ADJ nose NOUN that PRON lives VERB in ADP eucalyptus NOUN trees NOUN and CCONJ eats VERB their PRON leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 koala det 2 koala koala NOUN Number=Sing 9 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 animal det 5 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animal amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 grey punct 7 furry furry ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animal amod 8 Australian Australian ADJ Degree=Pos 9 animal amod 9 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 with with ADP _ 13 ears case 11 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 13 ears amod 12 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 13 ears amod 13 ears ear NOUN Number=Plur 9 animal nmod 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 nose cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 nose det 16 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 17 nose amod 17 nose nose NOUN Number=Sing 13 ears conj 18 that that PRON PronType=Rel 19 lives nsubj 19 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 nose acl:relcl 20 in in ADP _ 22 trees case 21 eucalyptus eucalyptus NOUN Number=Sing 22 trees compound 22 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 19 lives obl 23 and and CCONJ _ 24 eats cc 24 eats eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 lives conj 25 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 26 leaves nmod:poss 26 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 24 eats obj 27 . . PUNCT _ 9 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a koala a grey furry Australian animal with big round ears and a black nose tree rules 2 live present a black nose eucalyptus trees vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tree=Location 3 eat present a black nose not said here trees's leaves vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is a marsupial: the baby, called a joey, grows in its mother's pouch.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det punct det appos punct acl det obj punct parataxis case nmod:poss nmod:poss case obl punct root It PRON is AUX a DET marsupial NOUN : PUNCT the DET baby NOUN , PUNCT called VERB a DET joey NOUN , PUNCT grows VERB in ADP its PRON mother NOUN 's PART pouch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 marsupial nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 marsupial cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 marsupial det 4 marsupial marsupial NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 : : PUNCT _ 7 baby punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 baby det 7 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 4 marsupial appos 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 called punct 9 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 baby acl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 joey det 11 joey joey NOUN Number=Sing 9 called obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 grows punct 13 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 marsupial parataxis 14 in in ADP _ 18 pouch case 15 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 mother nmod:poss 16 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 18 pouch nmod:poss 17 's 's PART _ 16 mother case 18 pouch pouch NOUN Number=Sing 13 grows obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 marsupial punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a marsupial tree rules 2 call participle the baby not said here a joey vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent joey=Recipient 3 grow present joey's mother's pouch vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pouch=Location
Example 1 The koala was asleep in the fork of a tree.
det nsubj cop case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET koala NOUN was AUX asleep ADJ in ADP the DET fork NOUN of ADP a DET tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 koala det 2 koala koala NOUN Number=Sing 4 asleep nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 asleep cop 4 asleep asleep ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 fork case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fork det 7 fork fork NOUN Number=Sing 4 asleep obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 tree case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 tree det 10 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 7 fork nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 asleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the koala the fork of a tree asleep property tree rules
Example 2 Koalas eat eucalyptus leaves.
nsubj compound obj punct root Koalas NOUN eat VERB eucalyptus NOUN leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Koalas koala NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 eucalyptus eucalyptus NOUN Number=Sing 4 leaves compound 4 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Koalas eucalyptus leaves vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
Example 3 A baby koala is called a joey.
det compound nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET baby NOUN koala NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET joey NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 koala det 2 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 3 koala compound 3 koala koala NOUN Number=Sing 5 called nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 called aux:pass 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 joey det 7 joey joey NOUN Number=Sing 5 called xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive a baby koala vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 4 We held a koala at a wildlife park in Queensland.
nsubj det obj case det compound obl case nmod punct root We PRON held VERB a DET koala NOUN at ADP a DET wildlife NOUN park NOUN in ADP Queensland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 held nsubj 2 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 koala det 4 koala koala NOUN Number=Sing 2 held obj 5 at at ADP _ 8 park case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 park det 7 wildlife wildlife NOUN Number=Sing 8 park compound 8 park park NOUN Number=Sing 2 held obl 9 in in ADP _ 10 Queensland case 10 Queensland Queensland PROPN Number=Sing 8 park nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 held punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold past We a koala a wildlife park in Queensland vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent koala=Theme at park=Location
Example 5 Koalas sleep for most of the day.
nsubj case obl case det nmod punct root Koalas NOUN sleep VERB for ADP most ADJ of ADP the DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Koalas koala NOUN Number=Plur 2 sleep nsubj 2 sleep sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 4 most case 4 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 2 sleep obl 5 of of ADP _ 7 day case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 day det 7 day day NOUN Number=Sing 4 most nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 sleep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep present Koalas for most of the day vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Many koalas were hurt in the bushfires.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Many ADJ koalas NOUN were AUX hurt VERB in ADP the DET bushfires NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 koalas amod 2 koalas koala NOUN Number=Plur 4 hurt nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 hurt aux:pass 4 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 bushfires case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bushfires det 7 bushfires bushfire NOUN Number=Plur 4 hurt obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurt past · passive Many koalas the bushfires vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 7 The joey rides on its mother's back after leaving the pouch.
det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod:poss case obl mark advcl det obj punct root The DET joey NOUN rides VERB on ADP its PRON mother NOUN 's PART back NOUN after SCONJ leaving VERB the DET pouch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 joey det 2 joey joey NOUN Number=Sing 3 rides nsubj 3 rides ride VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 8 back case 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 mother nmod:poss 6 mother mother NOUN Number=Sing 8 back nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 mother case 8 back back NOUN Number=Sing 3 rides obl 9 after after SCONJ _ 10 leaving mark 10 leaving leave VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 rides advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 pouch det 12 pouch pouch NOUN Number=Sing 10 leaving obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 rides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ride present the joey joey's mother's back vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent 2 leave gerund the joey not said here the pouch vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pouch=Theme
Example 8 Koalas live only in Australia.
nsubj advmod case obl punct root Koalas NOUN live VERB only ADV in ADP Australia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Koalas koala NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 only only ADV _ 2 live advmod 4 in in ADP _ 5 Australia case 5 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 2 live obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Koalas Australia vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in australia=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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