kudu Who acts: males, two kinds, kudu, We, three kudu, lion · What happens: have, be, see, drink, eat, stalk · To what, where: long spiral twisted horns, amazing spiral horns, three kudu, waterhole, leaves, bushes
«kudu» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: kudu in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A large African antelope with grey-brown fur and thin white stripes; the males have long, spiral, twisted horns.
The tree, 19 words det amod amod case amod punct amod nmod cc amod amod conj punct det nsubj parataxis amod punct amod punct amod obj punct root A DET large ADJ African ADJ antelope NOUN with ADP grey ADJ - PUNCT brown ADJ fur NOUN and CCONJ thin ADJ white ADJ stripes NOUN ; PUNCT the DET males NOUN have VERB long ADJ , PUNCT spiral ADJ , PUNCT twisted ADJ horns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 antelope det 2 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 4 antelope amod 3 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 4 antelope amod 4 antelope antelope NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 with with ADP _ 9 fur case 6 grey grey ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fur amod 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 grey punct 8 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fur amod 9 fur fur NOUN Number=Sing 4 antelope nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 13 stripes cc 11 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 13 stripes amod 12 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 13 stripes amod 13 stripes stripe NOUN Number=Plur 9 fur conj 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 have punct 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 males det 16 males male NOUN Number=Plur 17 have nsubj 17 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 antelope parataxis 18 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 23 horns amod 19 , , PUNCT _ 18 long punct 20 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 23 horns amod 21 , , PUNCT _ 20 spiral punct 22 twisted twisted ADJ Degree=Pos 23 horns amod 23 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 17 have obj 24 . . PUNCT _ 4 antelope punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the males long spiral twisted horns vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 There are two kinds: the greater kudu and the lesser kudu.
expl nummod nsubj punct det amod appos cc det amod conj punct root There PRON are VERB two NUM kinds NOUN : PUNCT the DET greater ADJ kudu NOUN and CCONJ the DET lesser ADJ kudu NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 kinds nummod 4 kinds kind NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 kudu punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 kudu det 7 greater great ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 kudu amod 8 kudu kudu NOUN Number=Sing 4 kinds appos 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 kudu cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 kudu det 11 lesser less ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 kudu amod 12 kudu kudu NOUN Number=Sing 8 kudu conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present two kinds there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The kudu has amazing spiral horns.
det nsubj amod amod obj punct root The DET kudu NOUN has VERB amazing ADJ spiral ADJ horns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kudu det 2 kudu kudu NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 amazing amazing ADJ Degree=Pos 6 horns amod 5 spiral spiral ADJ Degree=Pos 6 horns amod 6 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the kudu amazing spiral horns vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient
Example 2 We saw three kudu drinking at the waterhole.
nsubj nummod obj acl case det obl punct root We PRON saw VERB three NUM kudu NOUN drinking VERB at ADP the DET waterhole NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 kudu nummod 4 kudu kudu NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 drinking drink VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 kudu acl 6 at at ADP _ 8 waterhole case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 waterhole det 8 waterhole waterhole NOUN Number=Sing 5 drinking obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We three kudu vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer kudu=Stimulus 2 drink gerund three kudu not said here the waterhole vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 Kudu eat leaves from bushes and trees.
nsubj obj case obl cc conj punct root Kudu NOUN eat VERB leaves NOUN from ADP bushes NOUN and CCONJ trees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kudu kudu NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 4 from from ADP _ 5 bushes case 5 bushes bush NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 trees cc 7 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 5 bushes conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Kudu leaves bushes and trees vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
Example 4 A lion was stalking a kudu in the long grass.
det nsubj aux det obj case det amod obl punct root A DET lion NOUN was AUX stalking VERB a DET kudu NOUN in ADP the DET long ADJ grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lion det 2 lion lion NOUN Number=Sing 4 stalking nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stalking aux 4 stalking stalk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 kudu det 6 kudu kudu NOUN Number=Sing 4 stalking obj 7 in in ADP _ 10 grass case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 grass det 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 10 grass amod 10 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 4 stalking obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 stalking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stalk past · progressive a lion a kudu the long grass vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent kudu=Theme in grass=Location
Example 5 Female kudu do not have horns.
amod nsubj aux advmod obj punct root Female ADJ kudu NOUN do AUX not PART have VERB horns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Female female ADJ Degree=Pos 2 kudu amod 2 kudu kudu NOUN Number=Plur 5 have nsubj 3 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 have aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 have advmod 5 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 horns horn NOUN Number=Plur 5 have obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not have present · do-support Female kudu horns vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient
Example 6 The kudu jumped over a two-metre fence.
det nsubj case det nummod punct compound obl punct root The DET kudu NOUN jumped VERB over ADP a DET two NUM - PUNCT metre NOUN fence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 kudu det 2 kudu kudu NOUN Number=Sing 3 jumped nsubj 3 jumped jump VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 9 fence case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 fence det 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 metre nummod 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 two punct 8 metre metre NOUN Number=Sing 9 fence compound 9 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 3 jumped obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 jumped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 jump past the kudu a metre fence vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over fence=Trajectory
Example 7 In the food chain, kudu are herbivores.
case det compound obl punct conj cop punct root In ADP the DET food NOUN chain NOUN , PUNCT kudu NOUN are AUX herbivores NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 chain case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 chain det 3 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 chain compound 4 chain chain NOUN Number=Sing 8 herbivores obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 kudu punct 6 kudu kudu NOUN Number=Sing 4 chain conj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 herbivores cop 8 herbivores herbivore NOUN Number=Plur root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 herbivores punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present herbivores the food chain and kudu tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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