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ladybug

Who acts: ladybug, that, tiny insects, Ladybugs, aphids, We · What happens: be, eat, call, land, harm, have · To what, where: small round beetle, tiny insects, aphids, ladybug, hand, plants · Speech: someone speaks here

«ladybug» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: ladybug in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A ladybug is a small round beetle, usually red or orange with black spots, that eats tiny insects called aphids.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ladybug	det
2	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 beetle	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 beetle	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 beetle	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 beetle	amod
6	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 beetle	amod
7	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 red	punct
9	usually	usually	ADV	_	10 red	advmod
10	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 beetle	conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 orange	cc
12	orange	orange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 red	conj
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 spots	case
14	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 spots	amod
15	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 red	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 eats	punct
17	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 eats	nsubj
18	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 beetle	conj
19	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 insects	amod
20	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 eats	obj
21	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 insects	acl
22	aphids	aphid	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 called	xcomp
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 beetle	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a ladybug	a small round beetle					tree rules
2	be		a ladybug not said here					with black spots; usually property	tree rules
3	eat	present	that	tiny insects					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
4	call	participle	tiny insects not said here	aphids					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

A ladybug landed on my hand.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ladybug	det
2	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	landed	land	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 ladybug	acl
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 hand	case
5	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 hand	nmod:poss
6	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 landed	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 ladybug	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	land	participle		a ladybug not said here		my hand			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on hand=Destination

Example 2

Ladybugs eat aphids that harm plants in the garden.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ladybugs	ladybug	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	nsubj
2	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	aphids	aphid	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 eat	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 harm	nsubj
5	harm	harm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 aphids	acl:relcl
6	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 harm	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 garden	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 garden	det
9	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 harm	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 eat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	Ladybugs	aphids					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aphid=Patient
2	harm	present	aphids	plants		the garden			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus plant=Experiencer

Example 3

The ladybug had seven black spots.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ladybug	det
2	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	nsubj
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	seven	seven	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 spots	nummod
5	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 spots	amod
6	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 had	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the ladybug	seven black spots					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient

Example 4

We watched a ladybug larva turn into a pupa.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 watched	nsubj
2	watched	watch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 larva	det
4	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 larva	compound
5	larva	larva	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turn	nsubj
6	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 watched	ccomp
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 pupa	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 pupa	det
9	pupa	pupa	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turn	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 watched	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	watch	past	We						tree rules
2	turn	present	a ladybug larva			a pupa			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into pupa=Trajectory

Example 5

Its red colour warns birds not to eat it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 colour	nmod:poss
2	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 colour	amod
3	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 warns	nsubj
4	warns	warn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 warns	obj
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 eat	advmod
7	to	to	PART	_	8 eat	mark
8	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 warns	xcomp
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 eat	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 warns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	warn speech: warn	present	Its red colour		birds				vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient clause=Topic
2	not eat	to-infinitive	Its red colour not said here	colour					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Example 6

Count the spots on each ladybug and add them up.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Count	count	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 spots	det
3	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Count	obj
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 ladybug	case
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 ladybug	det
6	ladybug	ladybug	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Count	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 add	cc
8	add	add	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Count	conj
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 add	obj
10	up	up	ADP	_	8 add	compound:prt
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Count	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	imperative	you not said here	the spots		each ladybug			vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Theme
2	add up speech: assert	infinitive	you not said here	spots = spot					vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/ladybug/