lament Who acts: you, someone, lament, it, villagers, kind old doctor · What happens: lament, be, say, die, regret, happen · To what, where: sad song, something, death, lament, funeral, Grandad laments · Speech: someone speaks here
«lament» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lament in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To lament is to show or say strongly that you are very sad or sorry about something, often someone's death.
The tree, 21 words mark csubj cop mark cc conj advmod mark nsubj cop advmod ccomp cc conj case obl punct advmod nmod:poss case conj punct root To PART lament VERB is AUX to PART show VERB or CCONJ say VERB strongly ADV that SCONJ you PRON are AUX very ADV sad ADJ or CCONJ sorry ADJ about ADP something PRON , PUNCT often ADV someone PRON 's PART death NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 lament mark 2 lament lament VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 show csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 show cop 4 to to PART _ 5 show mark 5 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 say cc 7 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 show conj 8 strongly strongly ADV _ 7 say advmod 9 that that SCONJ _ 13 sad mark 10 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 sad nsubj 11 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 sad cop 12 very very ADV _ 13 sad advmod 13 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 7 say ccomp 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 sorry cc 15 sorry sorry ADJ Degree=Pos 13 sad conj 16 about about ADP _ 17 something case 17 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 sorry obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 death punct 19 often often ADV _ 22 death advmod 20 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 22 death nmod:poss 21 's 's PART _ 20 someone case 22 death death NOUN Number=Sing 13 sad conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 show punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lament to-infinitive vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 2 is present show property tree rules 3 say speech: assert infinitive strongly property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 is present you sad property tree rules 5 be you not said here about something tree rules 6 die someone nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A lament is a sad song, poem or piece of music about loss or death.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod punct appos cc conj case nmod case nmod cc conj punct root A DET lament NOUN is AUX a DET sad ADJ song NOUN , PUNCT poem NOUN or CCONJ piece NOUN of ADP music NOUN about ADP loss NOUN or CCONJ death NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lament det 2 lament lament NOUN Number=Sing 6 song nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 song cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 song det 5 sad sad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 song amod 6 song song NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 poem punct 8 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 6 song appos 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 piece cc 10 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing 8 poem conj 11 of of ADP _ 12 music case 12 music music NOUN Number=Sing 8 poem nmod 13 about about ADP _ 14 loss case 14 loss loss NOUN Number=Sing 12 music nmod 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 death cc 16 death death NOUN Number=Sing 14 loss conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 song punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lament a sad song tree rules
Meaning 3 To lament something is to complain or regret that it happened or is missing.
The tree, 14 words mark advcl obj cop mark cc conj mark nsubj ccomp cc cop conj punct root To PART lament VERB something PRON is AUX to PART complain VERB or CCONJ regret VERB that SCONJ it PRON happened VERB or CCONJ is AUX missing ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 lament mark 2 lament lament VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 complain advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 lament obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 complain cop 5 to to PART _ 6 complain mark 6 complain complain VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 regret cc 8 regret regret VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 6 complain conj 9 that that SCONJ _ 11 happened mark 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 happened nsubj 11 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 regret ccomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 missing cc 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 missing cop 14 missing missing ADJ Degree=Pos 11 happened conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 complain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lament to-infinitive something vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 2 is present complain property tree rules 3 regret infinitive vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 4 happen past it vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 is present missing property tree rules
Example 1 The villagers lamented the death of their kind old doctor.
det nsubj det obj case nmod:poss amod amod nmod punct root The DET villagers NOUN lamented VERB the DET death NOUN of ADP their PRON kind ADJ old ADJ doctor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 villagers det 2 villagers villager NOUN Number=Plur 3 lamented nsubj 3 lamented lament VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 death det 5 death death NOUN Number=Sing 3 lamented obj 6 of of ADP _ 10 doctor case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 doctor nmod:poss 8 kind kind ADJ Degree=Pos 10 doctor amod 9 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 10 doctor amod 10 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 5 death nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 lamented punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lament past the villagers the death of villagers's kind old doctor vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer death=Stimulus 2 die villagers's kind old doctor nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent
Example 2 A piper played a lament at the funeral.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root A DET piper NOUN played VERB a DET lament NOUN at ADP the DET funeral NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 piper det 2 piper piper NOUN Number=Sing 3 played nsubj 3 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lament det 5 lament lament NOUN Number=Sing 3 played obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 funeral case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 funeral det 8 funeral funeral NOUN Number=Sing 3 played obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past a piper a lament the funeral vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lament=Theme
Example 3 David sang a lament for his friend Jonathan.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss nmod appos punct root David PROPN sang VERB a DET lament NOUN for ADP his PRON friend NOUN Jonathan PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 David David PROPN Number=Sing 2 sang nsubj 2 sang sing VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lament det 4 lament lament NOUN Number=Sing 2 sang obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 friend case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 friend nmod:poss 7 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 lament nmod 8 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN Number=Sing 7 friend appos 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sang punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sing speech: express past David a lament for David's friend vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent lament=Theme for friend=Beneficiary
Example 4 Grandad laments that children don't play outside anymore.
compound obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl advmod advmod punct root Grandad PROPN laments NOUN that PRON children NOUN do AUX n't PART play VERB outside ADV anymore ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 2 laments compound 2 laments lament NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 play obj 4 children child NOUN Number=Plur 7 play nsubj 5 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 play aux 6 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 7 play advmod 7 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 laments acl:relcl 8 outside outside ADV _ 7 play advmod 9 anymore anymore ADV _ 7 play advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 laments punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not play present · do-support children Grandad laments anymore, outside property vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme
Example 5 The poem is a lament for the lost forests.
det nsubj cop det case det amod nmod punct root The DET poem NOUN is AUX a DET lament NOUN for ADP the DET lost VERB forests NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 poem det 2 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 5 lament nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lament cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lament det 5 lament lament NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 9 forests case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 forests det 8 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 forests amod 9 forests forest NOUN Number=Plur 5 lament nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 lament punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the poem a lament for the lost forests tree rules 2 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Many readers lamented the end of the series.
amod nsubj det obj case det nmod punct root Many ADJ readers NOUN lamented VERB the DET end NOUN of ADP the DET series NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 readers amod 2 readers reader NOUN Number=Plur 3 lamented nsubj 3 lamented lament VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 end det 5 end end NOUN Number=Sing 3 lamented obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 series case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 series det 8 series series NOUN Number=Sing 5 end nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 lamented punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lament past Many readers the end of the series vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer end=Stimulus
Example 7 All night Charming sighed and lamented.
det obl:unmarked nsubj cc conj punct root All DET night NOUN Charming PROPN sighed VERB and CCONJ lamented VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 All all DET PronType=Tot 2 night det 2 night night NOUN Number=Sing 4 sighed obl:unmarked 3 Charming Charming PROPN Number=Sing 4 sighed nsubj 4 sighed sigh VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 lamented cc 6 lamented lament VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 sighed conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 sighed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sigh past Charming night vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 lament participle Charming not said here vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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