landfill Who acts: landfill, Most, Recycling, council, Rotting, Plastic bags · What happens: be, bury, end up, keep, open, rot · To what, where: large hole, ground, rubbish, such places, landfill, plastic
«landfill» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: landfill in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A landfill is a large hole or site in the ground where rubbish is buried.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj case det nmod advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl punct root A DET landfill NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ hole NOUN or CCONJ site NOUN in ADP the DET ground NOUN where ADV rubbish NOUN is AUX buried VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 landfill det 2 landfill landfill NOUN Number=Sing 6 hole nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 hole cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hole det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hole amod 6 hole hole NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 site cc 8 site site NOUN Number=Sing 6 hole conj 9 in in ADP _ 11 ground case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ground det 11 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 6 hole nmod 12 where where ADV PronType=Rel 15 buried advmod 13 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing 15 buried nsubj:pass 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 buried aux:pass 15 buried bury VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 ground acl:relcl 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 hole punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a landfill a large hole or site the ground tree rules 2 bury present · passive rubbish vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Landfill is the rubbish that is buried in such places.
nsubj cop det nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case amod obl punct root Landfill NOUN is AUX the DET rubbish NOUN that PRON is AUX buried VERB in ADP such ADJ places NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Landfill landfill NOUN Number=Sing 4 rubbish nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 rubbish cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 rubbish det 4 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 buried nsubj:pass 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 buried aux:pass 7 buried bury VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 rubbish acl:relcl 8 in in ADP _ 10 places case 9 such such ADJ Degree=Pos 10 places amod 10 places place NOUN Number=Plur 7 buried obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 rubbish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Landfill the rubbish tree rules 2 bury present · passive the rubbish such places vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in place=Destination
Example 1 Most of our rubbish ends up in a landfill.
nsubj case nmod:poss nmod compound:prt case det obl punct root Most ADJ of ADP our PRON rubbish NOUN ends VERB up ADP in ADP a DET landfill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Most most ADJ Degree=Sup 5 ends nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 4 rubbish case 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 rubbish nmod:poss 4 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing 1 Most nmod 5 ends end VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 ends compound:prt 7 in in ADP _ 9 landfill case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 landfill det 9 landfill landfill NOUN Number=Sing 5 ends obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 ends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 end up present Most of our rubbish in a landfill result vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in landfill=Result
Example 2 Recycling keeps plastic out of landfill.
nsubj obj case case obl punct root Recycling NOUN keeps VERB plastic NOUN out ADP of ADP landfill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Recycling recycling NOUN Number=Sing 2 keeps nsubj 2 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 plastic plastic NOUN Number=Sing 2 keeps obj 4 out out ADP _ 6 landfill case 5 of of ADP _ 6 landfill case 6 landfill landfill NOUN Number=Sing 2 keeps obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present Recycling plastic landfill vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent plastic=Theme out landfill=Location
Example 3 The council opened a new landfill site outside town.
det nsubj det amod compound obj advmod nmod punct root The DET council NOUN opened VERB a DET new ADJ landfill NOUN site NOUN outside ADV town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 council det 2 council council NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened nsubj 3 opened open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 site det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 7 site amod 6 landfill landfill NOUN Number=Sing 7 site compound 7 site site NOUN Number=Sing 3 opened obj 8 outside outside ADV _ 9 town advmod 9 town town NOUN Number=Sing 7 site nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 opened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open past the council a new landfill site town vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location site=Theme
Example 4 Rotting food in landfill gives off methane gas.
csubj obj case obl compound:prt compound obj punct root Rotting VERB food NOUN in ADP landfill NOUN gives VERB off ADP methane NOUN gas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rotting rot VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 gives csubj 2 food food NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rotting obj 3 in in ADP _ 4 landfill case 4 landfill landfill NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rotting obl 5 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 off off ADP _ 5 gives compound:prt 7 methane methane NOUN Number=Sing 8 gas compound 8 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 5 gives obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rot gerund food landfill tree rules 2 give off present Rotting methane gas vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme
Example 5 Plastic bags can take hundreds of years to break down in a landfill.
amod nsubj aux obj case nmod mark advcl compound:prt case det obl punct root Plastic ADJ bags NOUN can AUX take VERB hundreds NOUN of ADP years NOUN to PART break VERB down ADP in ADP a DET landfill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plastic plastic ADJ Degree=Pos 2 bags amod 2 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 4 take nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 take aux 4 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 4 take obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 years case 7 years year NOUN Number=Plur 5 hundreds nmod 8 to to PART _ 9 break mark 9 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 take advcl 10 down down ADP _ 9 break compound:prt 11 in in ADP _ 13 landfill case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 landfill det 13 landfill landfill NOUN Number=Sing 9 break obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take can Plastic bags hundreds of years vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme 2 break down to-infinitive Plastic bags not said here a landfill vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 6 Our school cut its landfill waste from 50 bags to 20 bags a week, saving 30.
The tree, 16 words nmod:poss nsubj nmod:poss compound obj case nummod obl case nummod obl det obl:unmarked punct advcl obj punct root Our PRON school NOUN cut VERB its PRON landfill NOUN waste NOUN from ADP 50 NUM bags NOUN to ADP 20 NUM bags NOUN a DET week NOUN , PUNCT saving VERB 30 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 cut nsubj 3 cut cut VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 waste nmod:poss 5 landfill landfill NOUN Number=Sing 6 waste compound 6 waste waste NOUN Number=Sing 3 cut obj 7 from from ADP _ 9 bags case 8 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 bags nummod 9 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 3 cut obl 10 to to ADP _ 12 bags case 11 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 bags nummod 12 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 3 cut obl 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 week det 14 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 cut obl:unmarked 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 saving punct 16 saving save VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 cut advcl 17 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 16 saving obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut past Our school school's landfill waste 50 bags week to 20 bags result vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Causer waste=Patient from bag=Initial_State to bag=Result 2 save gerund Our school not said here 30 vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 30=Theme
Example 7 Old phones should be recycled, not sent to landfill.
amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass punct advmod conj mark xcomp punct root Old ADJ phones NOUN should AUX be AUX recycled VERB , PUNCT not PART sent VERB to PART landfill VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 phones amod 2 phones phone NOUN Number=Plur 5 recycled nsubj:pass 3 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 recycled aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 recycled aux:pass 5 recycled recycle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 sent punct 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 sent advmod 8 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 recycled conj 9 to to PART _ 10 landfill mark 10 landfill landfill VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 sent xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 recycled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 recycle should · passive Old phones tree rules 2 not send participle tree rules 3 landfill to-infinitive tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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