language Who acts: language, people, Sign language, computer language, set, Bad language · What happens: be, use, speak, write, talk, tell · To what, where: words, English, way, general, hand signs, set · Speech: someone speaks here
«language» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: language in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A language is the words that people use to speak and write, like English, French or Spanish.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det obj nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp cc conj punct case obj punct conj cc conj punct root A DET language NOUN is AUX the DET words NOUN that PRON people NOUN use VERB to PART speak VERB and CCONJ write VERB , PUNCT like ADP English PROPN , PUNCT French ADJ or CCONJ Spanish ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 language det 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 5 words nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 words cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 words det 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 use obj 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 use nsubj 8 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 words acl:relcl 9 to to PART _ 10 speak mark 10 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 use xcomp 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 write cc 12 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 speak conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 English punct 14 like like ADP _ 15 English case 15 English English PROPN Number=Sing 12 write obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 French punct 17 French French ADJ Degree=Pos 15 English conj 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 Spanish cc 19 Spanish Spanish ADJ Degree=Pos 17 French conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a language the words tree rules 2 use present people the words vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent that=Theme clause=Eventuality 3 speak speech: other to-infinitive people not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 write infinitive people not said here English vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent english=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Language is the way people talk and use words in general.
nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl cc conj obj case obl punct root Language NOUN is AUX the DET way NOUN people NOUN talk VERB and CCONJ use VERB words NOUN in ADP general ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 way nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 way det 4 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 6 talk nsubj 6 talk talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 way acl:relcl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 use cc 8 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 talk conj 9 words word NOUN Number=Plur 8 use obj 10 in in ADP _ 11 general case 11 general general ADJ Degree=Pos 8 use obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Language the way tree rules 2 talk present people the way not said here vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent way=Patient 3 use present people not said here words general vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
Meaning 3 Sign language uses hand signs instead of spoken words.
compound nsubj compound obj case fixed amod nmod punct root Sign NOUN language NOUN uses VERB hand NOUN signs NOUN instead ADV of ADP spoken VERB words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 2 language compound 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 uses nsubj 3 uses use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 5 signs compound 5 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 3 uses obj 6 instead instead ADV ExtPos=ADP 9 words case 7 of of ADP _ 6 instead fixed 8 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 words amod 9 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 signs nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 uses punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present Sign language hand signs instead spoken words vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient 2 speak speech: other participle vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 A computer language is a set of words and rules for telling a computer what to do.
The tree, 17 words det compound nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj mark acl det iobj obj mark ccomp punct root A DET computer NOUN language NOUN is AUX a DET set NOUN of ADP words NOUN and CCONJ rules NOUN for SCONJ telling VERB a DET computer NOUN what PRON to PART do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 language det 2 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 3 language compound 3 language language NOUN Number=Sing 6 set nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 set cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 set det 6 set set NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 words case 8 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 set nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 rules cc 10 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 8 words conj 11 for for SCONJ _ 12 telling mark 12 telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 set acl 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 computer det 14 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 12 telling iobj 15 what what PRON PronType=Int 17 do obj 16 to to PART _ 17 do mark 17 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 telling ccomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a computer language a set of words and rules tree rules 2 tell speech: assert gerund a set not said here a computer vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent computer=Recipient clause=Topic 3 do not said to happen to-infinitive vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
Meaning 5 Bad language means rude words.
amod nsubj amod obj punct root Bad ADJ language NOUN means VERB rude ADJ words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 2 language amod 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 5 words amod 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 means obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Bad language rude words vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic
Example 1 12 children speak two languages.
nummod nsubj nummod obj punct root 12 NUM children NOUN speak VERB two NUM languages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 children nummod 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 speak nsubj 3 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 languages nummod 5 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 3 speak obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present 12 children two languages tree rules
Example 2 The class learns 1 new language.
det nsubj nummod amod obj punct root The DET class NOUN learns VERB 1 NUM new ADJ language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 class det 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 learns nsubj 3 learns learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 language nummod 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 language amod 6 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 learns obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 learns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present the class 1 new language vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Topic
Example 3 15 pupils study French and 10 study German.
nummod nsubj obj cc nummod conj amod punct root 15 NUM pupils NOUN study VERB French PROPN and CCONJ 10 NUM study NOUN German ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 pupils nummod 2 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 3 study nsubj 3 study study VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 French French PROPN Number=Sing 3 study obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 7 study cc 6 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 study nummod 7 study study NOUN Number=Sing 4 French conj 8 German German ADJ Degree=Pos 7 study amod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 study punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 study present 15 pupils French and 10 study vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Topic
Example 4 How many speak both languages?
advmod nsubj det obj punct root How ADV many ADJ speak VERB both DET languages NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 speak nsubj 3 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 both both DET PronType=Tot 5 languages det 5 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 3 speak obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present many both languages tree rules
Example 5 In Canada, people speak English and French.
case obl punct nsubj obj cc conj punct root In ADP Canada PROPN , PUNCT people NOUN speak VERB English PROPN and CCONJ French PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Canada case 2 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 5 speak obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Canada punct 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 speak nsubj 5 speak speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 English English PROPN Number=Sing 5 speak obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 French cc 8 French French PROPN Number=Sing 6 English conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present people English and French Canada tree rules
Example 6 Sam's first language is Spanish.
nmod:poss case amod nsubj cop punct root Sam PROPN 's PART first ADJ language NOUN is AUX Spanish PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 4 language nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Sam case 3 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 4 language amod 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing 6 Spanish nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 Spanish cop 6 Spanish Spanish PROPN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 Spanish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sam's first language Spanish tree rules
Example 7 Our deaf friend taught us some sign language.
nmod:poss amod nsubj obj det compound obj punct root Our PRON deaf ADJ friend NOUN taught VERB us PRON some DET sign NOUN language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 friend nmod:poss 2 deaf deaf ADJ Degree=Pos 3 friend amod 3 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 4 taught nsubj 4 taught teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 taught obj 6 some some DET PronType=Ind 8 language det 7 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 8 language compound 8 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 taught obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 taught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other past Our deaf friend some sign language us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient language=Topic
Example 8 His body language showed he was nervous.
nmod:poss compound nsubj nsubj cop ccomp punct root His PRON body NOUN language NOUN showed VERB he PRON was AUX nervous ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 language nmod:poss 2 body body NOUN Number=Sing 3 language compound 3 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 nervous nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 nervous cop 7 nervous nervous ADJ Degree=Pos 4 showed ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past His body language vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is past language nervous property tree rules
Example 9 Python is a computer language.
nsubj cop det compound punct root Python NOUN is AUX a DET computer NOUN language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Python python NOUN Number=Sing 5 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 language cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 language det 4 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 5 language compound 5 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Python a computer language tree rules
Example 10 Please don't use bad language in class.
discourse aux advmod amod obj case obl punct root Please INTJ do AUX n't PART use VERB bad ADJ language NOUN in ADP class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 4 use discourse 2 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 use aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 use advmod 4 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 6 language amod 6 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 use obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 class case 8 class class NOUN Number=Sing 4 use obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use imperative · do-support you not said here bad language class vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient
Example 11 Every one speaks these words in his own language.
det nsubj det obj case nmod:poss amod nmod punct root Every DET one NOUN speaks VERB these DET words NOUN in ADP his PRON own ADJ language NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 one det 2 one one NOUN Number=Sing 3 speaks nsubj 3 speaks speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 5 words det 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 speaks obj 6 in in ADP _ 9 language case 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 language nmod:poss 8 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 9 language amod 9 language language NOUN Number=Sing 5 words nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 speaks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present every one this words his own language tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous lanenext → languid↑ back to L in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/language/