lanternfish Who acts: lanternfish, spots, Whales, more lanternfish, We, glowing spots · What happens: be, glow, swim up, feed, go, have · To what, where: small sea fish, world, surface, spots, ocean, tiny animals
«lanternfish» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lanternfish in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A lanternfish is a small deep-sea fish with spots on its body that glow with light.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod amod punct compound case nmod case nmod:poss nmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root A DET lanternfish NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ deep ADJ - PUNCT sea NOUN fish NOUN with ADP spots NOUN on ADP its PRON body NOUN that PRON glow VERB with ADP light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lanternfish det 2 lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Sing 9 fish nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 fish cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 fish det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 9 fish amod 6 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sea amod 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 deep punct 8 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 9 fish compound 9 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 with with ADP _ 11 spots case 11 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 9 fish nmod 12 on on ADP _ 14 body case 13 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 body nmod:poss 14 body body NOUN Number=Sing 11 spots nmod 15 that that PRON PronType=Rel 16 glow nsubj 16 glow glow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 spots acl:relcl 17 with with ADP _ 18 light case 18 light light NOUN Number=Sing 16 glow obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 9 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a lanternfish a small sea fish with spots on lanternfish's body tree rules 2 glow present spots on lanternfish's body with light vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with light=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Lanternfish are among the most common fish in the world; they swim up near the surface at night to feed and go deep down in the day.
The tree, 27 words nsubj cop case det advmod amod case det nmod punct nsubj conj compound:prt case det obl case obl mark advcl cc conj advmod advmod case det obl punct root Lanternfish NOUN are AUX among ADP the DET most ADV common ADJ fish NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON swim VERB up ADP near ADP the DET surface NOUN at ADP night NOUN to PART feed VERB and CCONJ go VERB deep ADV down ADV in ADP the DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Plur 7 fish nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fish cop 3 among among ADP _ 7 fish case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fish det 5 most most ADV Degree=Sup 6 common advmod 6 common common ADJ Degree=Pos 7 fish amod 7 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 world case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 world det 10 world world NOUN Number=Sing 7 fish nmod 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 swim punct 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 swim nsubj 13 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 fish conj 14 up up ADP _ 13 swim compound:prt 15 near near ADP _ 17 surface case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 surface det 17 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 13 swim obl 18 at at ADP _ 19 night case 19 night night NOUN Number=Sing 13 swim obl 20 to to PART _ 21 feed mark 21 feed feed VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 swim advcl 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 go cc 23 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 feed conj 24 deep deep ADV _ 25 down advmod 25 down down ADV _ 23 go advmod 26 in in ADP _ 28 day case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 day det 28 day day NOUN Number=Sing 23 go obl 29 . . PUNCT _ 7 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Lanternfish the world among the common fish tree rules 2 swim up present Lanternfish the surface night vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near surface=Trajectory 3 feed to-infinitive Lanternfish not said here vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent 4 go infinitive Lanternfish not said here day down property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The lanternfish has glowing spots along its body.
det nsubj xcomp obj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET lanternfish NOUN has VERB glowing VERB spots NOUN along ADP its PRON body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lanternfish det 2 lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 glowing glow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 has xcomp 5 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 4 glowing obj 6 along along ADP _ 8 body case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 body nmod:poss 8 body body NOUN Number=Sing 4 glowing obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the lanternfish tree rules 2 glow gerund the lanternfish not said here spots along lanternfish's body vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent spot=Theme
Example 2 Lanternfish live deep in the ocean.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root Lanternfish NOUN live VERB deep ADV in ADP the DET ocean NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 deep deep ADV _ 2 live advmod 4 in in ADP _ 6 ocean case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ocean det 6 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 2 live obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Lanternfish the ocean deep property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ocean=Location
Example 3 At night, lanternfish swim up to eat tiny animals.
case obl punct nsubj compound:prt mark advcl amod obj punct root At ADP night NOUN , PUNCT lanternfish NOUN swim VERB up ADP to PART eat VERB tiny ADJ animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 2 night case 2 night night NOUN Number=Sing 5 swim obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 night punct 4 lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Plur 5 swim nsubj 5 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 up up ADP _ 5 swim compound:prt 7 to to PART _ 8 eat mark 8 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 swim advcl 9 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 10 animals amod 10 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 8 eat obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim up present lanternfish night vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 eat to-infinitive lanternfish not said here tiny animals vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient
Example 4 Whales and seabirds eat lanternfish.
nsubj cc conj obj punct root Whales NOUN and CCONJ seabirds NOUN eat VERB lanternfish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 4 eat nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 seabirds cc 3 seabirds seabird NOUN Number=Plur 1 Whales conj 4 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Sing 4 eat obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present Whales and seabirds lanternfish vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lanternfish=Patient
Example 5 There may be more lanternfish than any other kind of fish.
expl aux amod nsubj case det amod nmod case nmod punct root There PRON may AUX be VERB more ADJ lanternfish NOUN than ADP any DET other ADJ kind NOUN of ADP fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 3 be expl 2 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 be aux 3 be be VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 lanternfish amod 5 lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Sing 3 be nsubj 6 than than ADP _ 9 kind case 7 any any DET PronType=Ind 9 kind det 8 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 9 kind amod 9 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 5 lanternfish nmod 10 of of ADP _ 11 fish case 11 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 9 kind nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 be punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be may more lanternfish than any other kind of fish there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 We saw a lanternfish in a deep-sea documentary.
nsubj det obj case det amod punct compound obl punct root We PRON saw VERB a DET lanternfish NOUN in ADP a DET deep ADJ - PUNCT sea NOUN documentary NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 saw nsubj 2 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lanternfish det 4 lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obj 5 in in ADP _ 10 documentary case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 documentary det 7 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sea amod 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 deep punct 9 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 10 documentary compound 10 documentary documentary NOUN Number=Sing 2 saw obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past We a lanternfish a sea documentary vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lanternfish=Stimulus
Example 7 The glowing spots help lanternfish recognise each other.
det amod nsubj obj xcomp obj fixed punct root The DET glowing VERB spots NOUN help VERB lanternfish NOUN recognise VERB each DET other ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 spots det 2 glowing glow VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 spots amod 3 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 4 help nsubj 4 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Plur 4 help obj 6 recognise recognise VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 help xcomp 7 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 6 recognise obj 8 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 each fixed 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 glow gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 help present the glowing spots lanternfish vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent lanternfish=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 recognise infinitive lanternfish not said here each vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer each=Stimulus
Example 8 A lanternfish is only about as long as your finger.
det nsubj cop advmod advmod advmod case nmod:poss obl punct root A DET lanternfish NOUN is AUX only ADV about ADV as ADV long ADJ as ADP your PRON finger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lanternfish det 2 lanternfish lanternfish NOUN Number=Sing 7 long nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 long cop 4 only only ADV _ 7 long advmod 5 about about ADV _ 7 long advmod 6 as as ADV _ 7 long advmod 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 as as ADP _ 10 finger case 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 finger nmod:poss 10 finger finger NOUN Number=Sing 7 long obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 long punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a lanternfish as your finger; about, long property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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