late Who acts: You, Late, we, train, I, It · What happens: mean, plan, be, have, die, hurry up · To what, where: end, late grandmother, fireworks, answer, form, latest · Speech: someone speaks here
«late» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: late in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Late means after the right, usual or planned time: «You are late for school».
The tree, 14 words advmod case det obl punct amod cc amod conj punct punct nsubj cop parataxis case obl punct punct root Late ADV means VERB after ADP the DET right NOUN , PUNCT usual ADJ or CCONJ planned VERB time NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT You PRON are AUX late ADJ for ADP school NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Late late ADV Degree=Pos 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 after after ADP _ 5 right case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 right det 5 right right NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 usual punct 7 usual usual ADJ Degree=Pos 5 right amod 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 time cc 9 planned plan VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 time amod 10 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 usual conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 15 late punct 12 « « PUNCT _ 15 late punct 13 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 15 late nsubj 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 late cop 15 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means parataxis 16 for for ADP _ 17 school case 17 school school NOUN Number=Sing 15 late obl 18 » » PUNCT _ 15 late punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present after the right late property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 plan participle vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 3 is in a quote present You for school; late property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Late means near the end of a period of time: late at night, late in summer.
The tree, 16 words nsubj case det obl case det nmod case nmod punct advmod case parataxis punct amod case obl punct root Late ADJ means VERB near ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET period NOUN of ADP time NOUN : PUNCT late ADV at ADP night NOUN , PUNCT late ADJ in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Late late ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 near near ADP _ 5 end case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 end det 5 end end NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 period case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 period det 8 period period NOUN Number=Sing 5 end nmod 9 of of ADP _ 10 time case 10 time time NOUN Number=Sing 8 period nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 night punct 12 late late ADV Degree=Pos 14 night advmod 13 at at ADP _ 14 night case 14 night night NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 late punct 16 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 14 night amod 17 in in ADP _ 18 summer case 18 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 16 late obl 19 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Late near the end of a period of time vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Late can mean having died: «her late grandmother» (polite).
The tree, 9 words advmod aux nsubj ccomp punct punct nmod:poss amod obl punct punct parataxis punct punct root Late ADV can AUX mean VERB having VERB died VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT her PRON late ADJ grandmother NOUN » PUNCT ( PUNCT polite ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Late late ADV Degree=Pos 3 mean advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 having have VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 died nsubj 5 died die VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 mean ccomp 6 : : PUNCT _ 5 died punct 7 « « PUNCT _ 10 grandmother punct 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 grandmother nmod:poss 9 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 10 grandmother amod 10 grandmother grandmother NOUN Number=Sing 5 died obl 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 grandmother punct 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 13 polite punct 13 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 10 grandmother parataxis 14 ) ) PUNCT _ 13 polite punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can late property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have gerund vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 die past her late grandmother vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 1 Hurry up or we will be late!
compound:prt cc nsubj aux cop conj punct root Hurry VERB up ADP or CCONJ we PRON will AUX be AUX late ADJ ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hurry hurry VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Hurry compound:prt 3 or or CCONJ _ 7 late cc 4 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 late nsubj 5 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 late aux 6 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 late cop 7 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Hurry conj 8 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Hurry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurry up imperative you not said here vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is future we late property tree rules
Example 2 The train was ten minutes late.
det nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET train NOUN was AUX ten NUM minutes NOUN late ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 train det 2 train train NOUN Number=Sing 6 late nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 late cop 4 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 minutes nummod 5 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 6 late obl:unmarked 6 late late ADV Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 late punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the train minute late property tree rules
Example 3 I stayed up late to see the fireworks.
nsubj advmod advmod mark advcl det obj punct root I PRON stayed VERB up ADV late ADV to PART see VERB the DET fireworks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 stayed nsubj 2 stayed stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADV _ 2 stayed advmod 4 late late ADV Degree=Pos 2 stayed advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 see mark 6 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 stayed advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 fireworks det 8 fireworks firework NOUN Number=Plur 6 see obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 stayed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay up past I late property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 see to-infinitive I not said here the fireworks vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer firework=Stimulus
Example 4 It is too late to change your answer.
nsubj cop advmod mark csubj nmod:poss obj punct root It PRON is AUX too ADV late ADJ to PART change VERB your PRON answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 late nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 late cop 3 too too ADV _ 4 late advmod 4 late late ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to PART _ 6 change mark 6 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 late csubj 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 answer nmod:poss 8 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 6 change obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 late punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It late property tree rules 2 change to-infinitive your answer vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Patient 3 answer your nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Better late than never.
advmod case obl punct root Better ADV late ADJ than ADP never ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Better well ADV Degree=Cmp 2 late advmod 2 late late ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 than than ADP _ 4 never case 4 never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 late obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 late punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 6 Bring your form back by Friday at the latest.
nmod:poss obj advmod case obl case det obl punct root Bring VERB your PRON form NOUN back ADV by ADP Friday PROPN at ADP the DET latest ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bring bring VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 form nmod:poss 3 form form NOUN Number=Sing 1 Bring obj 4 back back ADV _ 1 Bring advmod 5 by by ADP _ 6 Friday case 6 Friday Friday PROPN Number=Sing 1 Bring obl 7 at at ADP _ 9 latest case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 latest det 9 latest late ADJ Degree=Sup 1 Bring obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring back imperative you not said here your form the latest friday vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent form=Theme 2 form your nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 We arrived late in the afternoon.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root We PRON arrived VERB late ADV in ADP the DET afternoon NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 arrived nsubj 2 arrived arrive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 late late ADV Degree=Pos 2 arrived advmod 4 in in ADP _ 6 afternoon case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 afternoon det 6 afternoon afternoon NOUN Number=Sing 2 arrived obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 arrived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 arrive past We afternoon late property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Her late grandfather was a fisherman.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop det punct root Her PRON late ADJ grandfather NOUN was AUX a DET fisherman NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 grandfather nmod:poss 2 late late ADJ Degree=Pos 3 grandfather amod 3 grandfather grandfather NOUN Number=Sing 6 fisherman nsubj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 fisherman cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fisherman det 6 fisherman fisherman NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 fisherman punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Her late grandfather a fisherman tree rules
Example 9 It was growing late in the autumn.
nsubj aux advmod case det obl punct root It PRON was AUX growing VERB late ADV in ADP the DET autumn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 growing nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 growing aux 3 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 late late ADV Degree=Pos 3 growing advmod 5 in in ADP _ 7 autumn case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 autumn det 7 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 3 growing obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 growing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past · progressive It autumn late property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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