latter

Who acts: latter, people, I, Sam, you, days · What happens: mean, mention, have, play, be, like · To what, where: end, coffee, football, apples, latter part, latter · Speech: someone speaks here

«latter» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: latter in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The latter means the second of two things or people just mentioned.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 latter	det
2	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 second	det
5	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 means	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 things	case
7	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 things	nummod
8	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 second	nmod
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 people	cc
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 things	conj
11	just	just	ADV	_	12 mentioned	advmod
12	mentioned	mention	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 people	acl:relcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the latter				second		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	mention speech: other	past	people not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"tea or coffee? I'll have the latter" means coffee.

Sentence 1: "tea or coffee?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 tea	punct
2	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 coffee	cc
4	coffee	coffee	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tea	conj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 tea	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Sentence 2: I'll have the latter" means coffee.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 have	nsubj
2	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 have	aux
3	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 latter	det
5	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 means	nsubj
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 latter	punct
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	ccomp
8	coffee	coffee	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 means	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	future	I						tree rules
2	mean in a quote	present	the latter	coffee					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coffee=Topic

Meaning 2

Latter means near the end of a time.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Latter	Latter	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	near	near	ADP	_	5 end	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 end	det
5	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 time	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 time	det
8	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 end	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Latter				near the end of a time		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"the latter part of the film".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 part	punct
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 part	det
3	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 part	amod
4	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 film	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 film	det
7	film	film	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 part	nmod
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 part	punct
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 part	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

Sam and Ben both play, but the latter is better at football.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 play	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 Ben	cc
3	Ben	Ben	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Sam	conj
4	both	both	ADV	_	5 play	advmod
5	play	play	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 better	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 better	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 latter	det
9	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 better	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 better	cop
11	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 play	conj
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 football	case
13	football	football	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 better	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 play	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	present	Sam and Ben					both property	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the latter			football		good property	tree rules

Example 2

Would you like apples or pears? The latter, please.

Sentence 1: Would you like apples or pears?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 like	aux
2	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 like	nsubj
3	like	like	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 like	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 pears	cc
6	pears	pear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 apples	conj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 like	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	would	you	apples or pears					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot apple=Theme

Sentence 2: The latter, please.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 latter	det
2	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 latter	punct
4	please	please	INTJ	_	2 latter	discourse
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 latter	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 3

In the latter part of the year, the days get shorter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 part	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 part	det
3	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 part	amod
4	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 get	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 year	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 year	det
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 part	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 part	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 days	det
10	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 get	nsubj
11	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 get	xcomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 get	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present	the days			the latter part of the year		short property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Example 4

Of cats and dogs, I prefer the latter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Of	of	ADP	_	2 cats	case
2	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 prefer	obl
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 dogs	cc
4	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cats	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 cats	punct
6	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 prefer	nsubj
7	prefer	prefer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 latter	det
9	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 prefer	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 prefer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prefer	present	I	the latter				of cats and dogs	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer latter=Stimulus

Example 5

The former is red and the latter is blue.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 red	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 red	cop
4	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 blue	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 latter	det
7	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 blue	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 blue	cop
9	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 red	conj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 red	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the former					red property	tree rules
2	is	present	the latter					blue property	tree rules

Example 6

She read two books and liked the latter more.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 read	nsubj
2	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 books	nummod
4	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 read	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 liked	cc
6	liked	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 read	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 latter	det
8	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 more	nsubj
9	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 liked	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 read	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	past	She	two books					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic
2	like	past	She not said here	more					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot more=Theme

Example 7

This latter would be useful when he began housekeeping.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	This	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 useful	nsubj
2	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 useful	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 useful	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 useful	cop
5	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	8 began	advmod
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 began	nsubj
8	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 useful	advcl
9	housekeeping	housekeep	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 began	xcomp
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 useful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	would	This	useful property	tree rules
2	begin	past	he		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	housekeep	gerund	he not said here		tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/L/latter/