lecturer Who acts: person, talks, aunt, lecturer, students, visiting lecturer · What happens: teach, give, call, be, show, take · To what, where: students, university, talks, lectures, talk, audience · Speech: someone speaks here
«lecturer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lecturer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A person who teaches students at a university or college, often by giving talks called lectures.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj acl:relcl obj case det obl cc conj punct advmod mark advcl obj acl xcomp punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON teaches VERB students NOUN at ADP a DET university NOUN or CCONJ college NOUN , PUNCT often ADV by SCONJ giving VERB talks NOUN called VERB lectures NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 teaches nsubj 4 teaches teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 students student NOUN Number=Plur 4 teaches obj 6 at at ADP _ 8 university case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 university det 8 university university NOUN Number=Sing 4 teaches obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 college cc 10 college college NOUN Number=Sing 8 university conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 giving punct 12 often often ADV _ 14 giving advmod 13 by by SCONJ _ 14 giving mark 14 giving give VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 teaches advcl 15 talks talk NOUN Number=Plur 14 giving obj 16 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 talks acl 17 lectures lecture NOUN Number=Plur 16 called xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other present a person students a university or college vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent student=Recipient 2 give gerund a person not said here talks often property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talk=Theme 3 call participle talks not said here lectures vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Anyone who gives a talk to an audience.
nsubj acl:relcl det obj case det obl punct root Anyone PRON who PRON gives VERB a DET talk NOUN to ADP an DET audience NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 2 who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 gives nsubj 3 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Anyone acl:relcl 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 talk det 5 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 3 gives obj 6 to to ADP _ 8 audience case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 audience det 8 audience audience NOUN Number=Sing 3 gives obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Anyone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present a talk a audience vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent talk=Theme to audience=Recipient
Example 1 My aunt is a lecturer in chemistry at the university.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det case nmod case det nmod punct root My PRON aunt NOUN is AUX a DET lecturer NOUN in ADP chemistry NOUN at ADP the DET university NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 aunt nmod:poss 2 aunt aunt NOUN Number=Sing 5 lecturer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 lecturer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 lecturer det 5 lecturer lecturer NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 in in ADP _ 7 chemistry case 7 chemistry chemistry NOUN Number=Sing 5 lecturer nmod 8 at at ADP _ 10 university case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 university det 10 university university NOUN Number=Sing 5 lecturer nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 lecturer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My aunt a lecturer chemistry at the university tree rules
Example 2 The lecturer showed slides of the planets.
det nsubj obj case det nmod punct root The DET lecturer NOUN showed VERB slides NOUN of ADP the DET planets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lecturer det 2 lecturer lecturer NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 slides slide NOUN Number=Plur 3 showed obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 planets case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 planets det 7 planets planet NOUN Number=Plur 4 slides nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the lecturer slides of the planets vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent slide=Recipient
Example 3 The students took notes while the lecturer spoke.
det nsubj obj mark det nsubj advcl punct root The DET students NOUN took VERB notes NOUN while SCONJ the DET lecturer NOUN spoke VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 students det 2 students student NOUN Number=Plur 3 took nsubj 3 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 notes note NOUN Number=Plur 3 took obj 5 while while SCONJ _ 8 spoke mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 lecturer det 7 lecturer lecturer NOUN Number=Sing 8 spoke nsubj 8 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 took advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the students notes vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Theme 2 speak speech: other past the lecturer vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 A visiting lecturer talked about whales.
det amod nsubj case obl punct root A DET visiting VERB lecturer NOUN talked VERB about ADP whales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 lecturer det 2 visiting visit VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 lecturer amod 3 lecturer lecturer NOUN Number=Sing 4 talked nsubj 4 talked talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 about about ADP _ 6 whales case 6 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 4 talked obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 talked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 visit gerund vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 talk past a visiting lecturer about whales vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about whale=Topic
Example 5 Mum said, «Stop lecturing me, I'm not one of your students!»
The tree, 12 words nsubj punct punct ccomp xcomp obj punct nsubj cop advmod conj case nmod:poss nmod punct punct root Mum NOUN said VERB , PUNCT « PUNCT Stop VERB lecturing VERB me PRON , PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX not PART one NUM of ADP your PRON students NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 said nsubj 2 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 Stop punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 Stop punct 5 Stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 said ccomp 6 lecturing lecture VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 Stop xcomp 7 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 lecturing obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 one punct 9 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 one nsubj 10 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 one cop 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 12 one advmod 12 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 Stop conj 13 of of ADP _ 15 students case 14 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 students nmod:poss 15 students student NOUN Number=Plur 12 one nmod 16 ! ! PUNCT _ 5 Stop punct 17 » » PUNCT _ 5 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: express past Mum vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stop in a quote infinitive vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 3 lecture speech: other in a quote gerund Mum tree rules 4 not is a in a quote present Mum one of your students tree rules
Example 6 He became a lecturer after finishing his PhD.
nsubj det xcomp mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON became VERB a DET lecturer NOUN after SCONJ finishing VERB his PRON PhD NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 became nsubj 2 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 lecturer det 4 lecturer lecturer NOUN Number=Sing 2 became xcomp 5 after after SCONJ _ 6 finishing mark 6 finishing finish VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 became advcl 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 PhD nmod:poss 8 PhD phd NOUN Number=Sing 6 finishing obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 became punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become past He a lecturer vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 2 finish gerund He not said here lecturer's PhD vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality phd=Eventuality
Example 7 "At nine o'clock the lecturer commenced his lecture and his experiments, and then I formed a part of his audience.
The tree, 20 words punct case nummod obl det nsubj nmod:poss obj cc nmod:poss conj punct cc advmod nsubj advcl det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root " PUNCT At ADP nine NUM o'clock NOUN the DET lecturer NOUN commenced VERB his PRON lecture NOUN and CCONJ his PRON experiments NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ then ADV I PRON formed VERB a DET part NOUN of ADP his PRON audience NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 7 commenced punct 2 At at ADP _ 4 o'clock case 3 nine nine NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 o'clock nummod 4 o'clock o'clock NOUN Number=Sing 7 commenced obl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 lecturer det 6 lecturer lecturer NOUN Number=Sing 7 commenced nsubj 7 commenced commence VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 lecture nmod:poss 9 lecture lecture NOUN Number=Sing 7 commenced obj 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 experiments cc 11 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 experiments nmod:poss 12 experiments experiment NOUN Number=Plur 9 lecture conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 formed punct 14 and and CCONJ _ 17 formed cc 15 then then ADV PronType=Dem 17 formed advmod 16 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 17 formed nsubj 17 formed form VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 commenced advcl 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 part det 19 part part NOUN Number=Sing 17 formed obj 20 of of ADP _ 22 audience case 21 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 22 audience nmod:poss 22 audience audience NOUN Number=Sing 19 part nmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 7 commenced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 commence in a quote past the lecturer lecturer's lecture and lecturer's experiments nine o'clock vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lecture=Eventuality 2 form in a quote past I a part of lecturer's audience then vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location part=Theme 3 lecture in a quote lecturer nom lecture «communication intransitive»: poss=agent 4 experiment in a quote lecturer nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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