lend Who acts: they, extra money, flowers, Sam, She, many books · What happens: lend, be, give, pay back, call, have · To what, where: it, money, interest, hand, something, room · Speech: someone speaks here
«lend» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lend in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To lend is to give something to someone for a while, and they give it back later.
The tree, 17 words mark csubj cop mark obj case obl case det nmod punct cc nsubj conj obj advmod advmod punct root To PART lend VERB is AUX to PART give VERB something PRON to ADP someone PRON for ADP a DET while NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ they PRON give VERB it PRON back ADV later ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 lend mark 2 lend lend VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 give csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 give cop 4 to to PART _ 5 give mark 5 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 give obj 7 to to ADP _ 8 someone case 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 give obl 9 for for ADP _ 11 while case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 while det 11 while while NOUN Number=Sing 8 someone nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 give punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 give cc 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 give nsubj 15 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 give conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 give obj 17 back back ADV _ 18 later advmod 18 later late ADV Degree=Cmp 15 give advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend to-infinitive vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 2 is present to someone; give property tree rules 3 give present they it late property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To lend money is to give it so that it is paid back, sometimes with extra money called interest.
The tree, 19 words mark csubj obj cop mark obj mark fixed nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl advmod punct advmod case amod parataxis acl xcomp punct root To PART lend VERB money NOUN is AUX to PART give VERB it PRON so SCONJ that SCONJ it PRON is AUX paid VERB back ADV , PUNCT sometimes ADV with ADP extra ADJ money NOUN called VERB interest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 lend mark 2 lend lend VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 give csubj 3 money money NOUN Number=Sing 2 lend obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 give cop 5 to to PART _ 6 give mark 6 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 give obj 8 so so SCONJ ExtPos=SCONJ 12 paid mark 9 that that SCONJ _ 8 so fixed 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 paid nsubj:pass 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 paid aux:pass 12 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 give advcl 13 back back ADV _ 12 paid advmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 money punct 15 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 18 money advmod 16 with with ADP _ 18 money case 17 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 18 money amod 18 money money NOUN Number=Sing 6 give parataxis 19 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 money acl 20 interest interest NOUN Number=Sing 19 called xcomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend to-infinitive money vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme 2 is present give property tree rules 3 pay back present · passive money vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset 4 call participle extra money not said here interest vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To lend a hand is to help.
mark advcl det obj cop mark punct root To PART lend VERB a DET hand NOUN is AUX to PART help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 lend mark 2 lend lend VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 help advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 hand det 4 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 2 lend obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 help cop 6 to to PART _ 7 help mark 7 help help VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend to-infinitive a hand vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme 2 is present help property tree rules
Meaning 4 To lend something a quality is to add it: flowers lend the room a happy look.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl obj det obj cop mark obj punct nsubj parataxis det obj det amod obj punct root To PART lend VERB something PRON a DET quality NOUN is AUX to PART add VERB it PRON : PUNCT flowers NOUN lend VERB the DET room NOUN a DET happy ADJ look NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 lend mark 2 lend lend VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 add advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 lend obj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 quality det 5 quality quality NOUN Number=Sing 2 lend obj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 add cop 7 to to PART _ 8 add mark 8 add add VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 add obj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 lend punct 11 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 12 lend nsubj 12 lend lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 add parataxis 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 room det 14 room room NOUN Number=Sing 12 lend obj 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 look det 16 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 17 look amod 17 look look NOUN Number=Sing 12 lend obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 8 add punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend to-infinitive something vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent something=Recipient quality=Theme 2 is present add property tree rules 3 lend present flowers the room vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent room=Recipient look=Theme
Example 1 Sam lends Tom 5 dollars.
nsubj iobj nummod obj punct root Sam PROPN lends VERB Tom PROPN 5 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 lends nsubj 2 lends lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 lends iobj 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 2 lends obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 lends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend present Sam 5 dollars Tom vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent tom=Recipient dollar=Theme
Example 2 She lent 3 books to her friend.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON lent VERB 3 NUM books NOUN to ADP her PRON friend NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lent nsubj 2 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 lent obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 friend case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 friend nmod:poss 7 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 2 lent obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend past She 3 books her friend vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent book=Theme to friend=Recipient
Example 3 How many books does she have now?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj advmod punct root How ADV many ADJ books NOUN does AUX she PRON have VERB now ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 books amod 3 books book NOUN Number=Plur 6 have nsubj 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 have aux 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 have advmod 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · do-support many books now vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 He will get 5 dollars back next week.
nsubj aux nummod obj advmod amod obl:unmarked punct root He PRON will AUX get VERB 5 NUM dollars NOUN back ADV next ADJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 get nsubj 2 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 get aux 3 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 get obj 6 back back ADV _ 3 get advmod 7 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 8 week amod 8 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 get obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get back future He 5 dollars week vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dollar=Stimulus
Example 5 Could you lend me a pencil, please?
aux nsubj iobj det obj punct discourse punct root Could AUX you PRON lend VERB me PRON a DET pencil NOUN , PUNCT please INTJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 lend aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 lend nsubj 3 lend lend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 lend iobj 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pencil det 6 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 3 lend obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 3 lend punct 8 please please INTJ _ 3 lend discourse 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 lend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend could you a pencil me vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient pencil=Theme
Example 6 The library lends books for three weeks.
det nsubj obj case nummod obl punct root The DET library NOUN lends VERB books NOUN for ADP three NUM weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 library det 2 library library NOUN Number=Sing 3 lends nsubj 3 lends lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 lends obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 weeks case 6 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 weeks nummod 7 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 3 lends obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 lends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend present the library books week vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme
Example 7 The bank lent my parents money to buy the house.
det nsubj nmod:poss nsubj parataxis mark advcl det obj punct root The DET bank NOUN lent VERB my PRON parents NOUN money NOUN to PART buy VERB the DET house NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bank det 2 bank bank NOUN Number=Sing 3 lent nsubj 3 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 parents nmod:poss 5 parents parent NOUN Number=Plur 6 money nsubj 6 money money NOUN Number=Sing 3 lent parataxis 7 to to PART _ 8 buy mark 8 buy buy VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 lent advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 house det 10 house house NOUN Number=Sing 8 buy obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend past the bank vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 2 money my parents tree rules 3 buy to-infinitive the bank not said here the house vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme
Example 8 Can you lend a hand with these bags?
aux nsubj det obj case det obl punct root Can AUX you PRON lend VERB a DET hand NOUN with ADP these DET bags NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 lend aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 lend nsubj 3 lend lend VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 hand det 5 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 3 lend obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 bags case 7 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 8 bags det 8 bags bag NOUN Number=Plur 3 lend obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 lend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend can you a hand with this bags vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme
Example 9 I lent my bike to my cousin and he scratched it.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl cc nsubj conj obj punct root I PRON lent VERB my PRON bike NOUN to ADP my PRON cousin NOUN and CCONJ he PRON scratched VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 lent nsubj 2 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 bike nmod:poss 4 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 2 lent obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 cousin case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 cousin nmod:poss 7 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 2 lent obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 scratched cc 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 scratched nsubj 10 scratched scratch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 lent conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 scratched obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend past I my bike my cousin vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent bike=Theme to cousin=Recipient 2 scratch past he bike vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 10 Lend me thy coat, Shere Khan.
iobj nmod:poss obj punct appos flat punct root Lend VERB me PRON thy PRON coat NOUN , PUNCT Shere PROPN Khan PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lend lend VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Lend iobj 3 thy thy PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch 4 coat nmod:poss 4 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 1 Lend obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 Shere punct 6 Shere Shere PROPN Number=Sing 4 coat appos 7 Khan Khan PROPN Number=Sing 6 Shere flat 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Lend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend imperative you not said here thy coat me vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient coat=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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