lent Who acts: I, many Christians, Jack, library, She, cousin · What happens: lend, give, expect, get back, pray, give up · To what, where: something, someone, it, pen, him, rubber
«lent» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: lent in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Past of «lend»: gave something to someone for a short time, expecting to get it back (I lent him my pen).
The tree, 21 words mark fixed punct punct punct conj obj case obl case det amod obl punct advcl mark xcomp obj advmod punct nsubj parataxis obj nmod:poss obj punct punct root Past ADP of ADP « PUNCT lend VERB » PUNCT : PUNCT gave VERB something PRON to ADP someone PRON for ADP a DET short ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT expecting VERB to PART get VERB it PRON back ADV ( PUNCT I PRON lent VERB him PRON my PRON pen NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Past past ADP _ 4 lend mark 2 of of ADP _ 1 Past fixed 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 lend punct 4 lend lend VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 lend punct 6 : : PUNCT _ 7 gave punct 7 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 lend conj 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 gave obj 9 to to ADP _ 10 someone case 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 gave obl 11 for for ADP _ 14 time case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 time det 13 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 14 time amod 14 time time NOUN Number=Sing 7 gave obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 16 expecting punct 16 expecting expect VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 gave advcl 17 to to PART _ 18 get mark 18 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 expecting xcomp 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 get obj 20 back back ADV _ 18 get advmod 21 ( ( PUNCT _ 23 lent punct 22 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 23 lent nsubj 23 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 gave parataxis 24 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 lent obj 25 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 26 pen nmod:poss 26 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 23 lent obj 27 ) ) PUNCT _ 23 lent punct 28 . . PUNCT _ 4 lend punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend in a quote imperative vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 2 give past something someone time vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Theme to someone=Recipient 3 expect gerund vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 4 get back not said to happen to-infinitive it vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus 5 lend past I my pen him = he vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient pen=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Lent: in the Christian calendar, the forty days before Easter, when many Christians pray and give something up, like sweets.
The tree, 20 words punct case det amod parataxis punct det nummod appos case nmod punct advmod amod nsubj parataxis cc conj obj compound:prt punct case conj punct root Lent VERB : PUNCT in ADP the DET Christian ADJ calendar NOUN , PUNCT the DET forty NUM days NOUN before ADP Easter PROPN , PUNCT when ADV many ADJ Christians PROPN pray VERB and CCONJ give VERB something PRON up ADP , PUNCT like ADP sweets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lent lend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 : : PUNCT _ 6 calendar punct 3 in in ADP _ 6 calendar case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 calendar det 5 Christian Christian ADJ Degree=Pos 6 calendar amod 6 calendar calendar NOUN Number=Sing 1 Lent parataxis 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 days punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 days det 9 forty forty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 days nummod 10 days day NOUN Number=Plur 6 calendar appos 11 before before ADP _ 12 Easter case 12 Easter Easter PROPN Number=Sing 10 days nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 pray punct 14 when when ADV PronType=Int 17 pray advmod 15 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 16 Christians amod 16 Christians Christian PROPN Number=Plur 17 pray nsubj 17 pray pray VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 calendar parataxis 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 give cc 19 give give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 pray conj 20 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 19 give obj 21 up up ADP _ 19 give compound:prt 22 , , PUNCT _ 24 sweets punct 23 like like ADP _ 24 sweets case 24 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 19 give conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 1 Lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend participle vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 2 pray present many Christians vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot 3 give up present many Christians not said here something vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Source
Example 1 I lent my rubber to Jack and he never gave it back.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl cc nsubj advmod conj obj advmod punct root I PRON lent VERB my PRON rubber NOUN to ADP Jack PROPN and CCONJ he PRON never ADV gave VERB it PRON back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 lent nsubj 2 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 rubber nmod:poss 4 rubber rubber NOUN Number=Sing 2 lent obj 5 to to ADP _ 6 Jack case 6 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 2 lent obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 gave cc 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 gave nsubj 9 never never ADV PronType=Neg 10 gave advmod 10 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 lent conj 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 gave obj 12 back back ADV _ 10 gave advmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend past I my rubber Jack vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent rubber=Theme to jack=Recipient 2 not give back past Jack rubber vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 2 The library lent us ten books for the project.
det nsubj obj nummod obj case det obl punct root The DET library NOUN lent VERB us PRON ten NUM books NOUN for ADP the DET project NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 library det 2 library library NOUN Number=Sing 3 lent nsubj 3 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 lent obj 5 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 books nummod 6 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 lent obj 7 for for ADP _ 9 project case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 project det 9 project project NOUN Number=Sing 3 lent obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend past the library ten books us for the project vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient book=Theme
Example 3 She lent a hand with the washing up.
nsubj det obj case det obl compound:prt punct root She PRON lent VERB a DET hand NOUN with ADP the DET washing NOUN up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lent nsubj 2 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 hand det 4 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 2 lent obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 washing case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 washing det 7 washing washing NOUN Number=Sing 2 lent obl 8 up up ADP _ 2 lent compound:prt 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend up past She a hand with the washing vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme
Example 4 For Lent, my cousin gave up chocolate.
case obl punct nmod:poss nsubj compound:prt obj punct root For ADP Lent PROPN , PUNCT my PRON cousin NOUN gave VERB up ADP chocolate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 For for ADP _ 2 Lent case 2 Lent Lent PROPN Number=Sing 6 gave obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Lent punct 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 cousin nmod:poss 5 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 6 gave nsubj 6 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 up up ADP _ 6 gave compound:prt 8 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 6 gave obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give up past my cousin chocolate for Lent vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Source
Example 5 Lent lasts forty days, until Easter.
nsubj nummod obl:unmarked punct case obl punct root Lent PROPN lasts VERB forty NUM days NOUN , PUNCT until ADP Easter PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lent Lent PROPN Number=Sing 2 lasts nsubj 2 lasts last VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 forty forty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 days nummod 4 days day NOUN Number=Plur 2 lasts obl:unmarked 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 Easter punct 6 until until ADP _ 7 Easter case 7 Easter Easter PROPN Number=Sing 2 lasts obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 lasts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 last present Lent until Easter; day vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
Example 6 We eat pancakes the day before Lent begins.
nsubj obj det obl:unmarked mark nsubj advcl punct root We PRON eat VERB pancakes NOUN the DET day NOUN before SCONJ Lent PROPN begins VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 eat nsubj 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pancakes pancake NOUN Number=Plur 2 eat obj 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 day det 5 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obl:unmarked 6 before before SCONJ _ 8 begins mark 7 Lent Lent PROPN Number=Sing 8 begins nsubj 8 begins begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 eat advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat present We pancakes day vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pancake=Patient 2 begin present Lent vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 7 Who lent you that bike?
nsubj obj det obj punct root Who PRON lent VERB you PRON that DET bike NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 2 lent nsubj 2 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 lent obj 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 bike det 5 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 2 lent obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend past that bike you vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient bike=Theme
Example 8 Thereupon the rich man lent him twenty roubles.
advmod det amod nsubj obj nummod obj punct root Thereupon ADV the DET rich ADJ man NOUN lent VERB him PRON twenty NUM roubles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thereupon thereupon ADV _ 5 lent advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 man det 3 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 4 man amod 4 man man NOUN Number=Sing 5 lent nsubj 5 lent lend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 lent obj 7 twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 roubles nummod 8 roubles rouble NOUN Number=Plur 5 lent obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 lent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lend past the rich man twenty roubles him = he thereupon property vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient rouble=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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