libel Who acts: false written statement, person, someone, singer, Writing, judge · What happens: write, publish, damage, name, harm, repute · To what, where: good name, something, reputation, newspaper, lies, libel · Speech: someone speaks here
«libel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: libel in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
A false written or published statement that damages a person's good name.
det amod amod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det nmod:poss case amod obj punct root A DET false ADJ written VERB or CCONJ published VERB statement NOUN that PRON damages VERB a DET person NOUN 's PART good ADJ name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 statement det 2 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 6 statement amod 3 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 statement amod 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 published cc 5 published publish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 written conj 6 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 damages nsubj 8 damages damage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 statement acl:relcl 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 person det 10 person person NOUN Number=Sing 13 name nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 person case 12 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 13 name amod 13 name name NOUN Number=Sing 8 damages obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 statement punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 publish participle vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 damage present a false written statement a person's good name vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient 4 name a person nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To publish something false that harms someone's reputation.
mark obj amod nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss case obj punct root To PART publish VERB something PRON false ADJ that PRON harms VERB someone PRON 's PART reputation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 publish mark 2 publish publish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 publish obj 4 false false ADJ Degree=Pos 3 something amod 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 harms nsubj 6 harms harm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 something acl:relcl 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 reputation nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 someone case 9 reputation reputation NOUN Number=Sing 6 harms obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 publish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 publish to-infinitive something vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Result 2 harm present someone's reputation vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus reputation=Experiencer 3 repute someone nom reputation «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 The singer sued the newspaper for libel.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET singer NOUN sued VERB the DET newspaper NOUN for ADP libel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 singer det 2 singer singer NOUN Number=Sing 3 sued nsubj 3 sued sue VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 newspaper det 5 newspaper newspaper NOUN Number=Sing 3 sued obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 libel case 7 libel libel NOUN Number=Sing 3 sued obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sued punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sue past the singer the newspaper for libel tree rules
Example 2 Writing lies about someone online can be libel.
csubj obj case nmod advmod aux cop punct root Writing VERB lies NOUN about ADP someone PRON online ADV can AUX be AUX libel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Writing write VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 libel csubj 2 lies lie NOUN Number=Plur 1 Writing obj 3 about about ADP _ 4 someone case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 lies nmod 5 online online ADV _ 1 Writing advmod 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 libel aux 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 libel cop 8 libel libel NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 libel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write gerund lies about someone; online property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient about someone=Topic 2 is a can Writing libel tree rules
Example 3 The judge said the article was a libel.
det nsubj det nsubj cop det ccomp punct root The DET judge NOUN said VERB the DET article NOUN was AUX a DET libel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 judge det 2 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 article det 5 article article NOUN Number=Sing 8 libel nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 libel cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 libel det 8 libel libel NOUN Number=Sing 3 said ccomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the judge vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a past the article a libel tree rules
Example 4 He was accused of libelling his neighbour.
nsubj aux:pass case obl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON was AUX accused VERB of ADP libelling NOUN his PRON neighbour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 accused nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 accused aux:pass 3 accused accuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 libelling case 5 libelling libelling NOUN Number=Sing 3 accused obl 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 neighbour nmod:poss 7 neighbour neighbour NOUN Number=Sing 3 accused obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 accused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accuse past · passive He of libelling tree rules
Example 5 Truth is a defence against libel.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Truth PROPN is AUX a DET defence NOUN against ADP libel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Truth Truth PROPN Number=Sing 4 defence nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 defence cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 defence det 4 defence defence NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 against against ADP _ 6 libel case 6 libel libel NOUN Number=Sing 4 defence nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 defence punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Truth a defence against libel tree rules
Example 6 The paper had to pay a large sum for the libel.
det nsubj mark xcomp det amod obj case det nmod punct root The DET paper NOUN had VERB to PART pay VERB a DET large ADJ sum NOUN for ADP the DET libel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 paper det 2 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 pay mark 5 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 had xcomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sum det 7 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sum amod 8 sum sum NOUN Number=Sing 5 pay obj 9 for for ADP _ 11 libel case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 libel det 11 libel libel NOUN Number=Sing 8 sum nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the paper tree rules 2 pay to-infinitive the paper not said here a large sum for the libel vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent sum=Asset for libel=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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