licence Who acts: licence, official paper, you, poetic licence, writer, Mum · What happens: be, give, do, own, drive, catch · To what, where: official paper, permission, you, something, car, fish · Speech: someone speaks here
«licence» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: licence in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A licence is an official paper or card that gives you permission to do or own something, such as drive a car, catch fish or sell food.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl iobj obj mark acl cc conj obj punct mark fixed acl:relcl det obj punct conj obj cc conj obj punct root A DET licence NOUN is AUX an DET official ADJ paper NOUN or CCONJ card NOUN that PRON gives VERB you PRON permission NOUN to PART do VERB or CCONJ own VERB something PRON , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP drive VERB a DET car NOUN , PUNCT catch VERB fish NOUN or CCONJ sell VERB food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 licence det 2 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 6 paper nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 paper cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 paper det 5 official official ADJ Degree=Pos 6 paper amod 6 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 card cc 8 card card NOUN Number=Sing 6 paper conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 gives nsubj 10 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 paper acl:relcl 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 gives iobj 12 permission permission NOUN Number=Sing 10 gives obj 13 to to PART _ 14 do mark 14 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 permission acl 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 own cc 16 own own VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 do conj 17 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 16 own obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 drive punct 19 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 21 drive mark 20 as as ADP _ 19 such fixed 21 drive drive VERB VerbForm=Inf 17 something acl:relcl 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 car det 23 car car NOUN Number=Sing 21 drive obj 24 , , PUNCT _ 25 catch punct 25 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 21 drive conj 26 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 25 catch obj 27 or or CCONJ _ 28 sell cc 28 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 catch conj 29 food food NOUN Number=Sing 28 sell obj 30 . . PUNCT _ 6 paper punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a licence a official paper or card tree rules 2 give present a official paper or card permission you vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient permission=Theme 3 do to-infinitive a official paper or card not said here permission not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 own infinitive a official paper or card not said here something vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot something=Theme 5 drive infinitive a car vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme car=Trajectory 6 catch infinitive fish vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme 7 sell infinitive food vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Licence can also mean freedom to do or say what you like («poetic licence» means a writer may change facts or rules for effect).
The tree, 24 words nsubj aux advmod obj mark acl cc conj obj nsubj acl:relcl punct punct amod nsubj punct parataxis det nsubj aux ccomp obj cc conj case obl punct punct root Licence NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB freedom NOUN to PART do VERB or CCONJ say VERB what PRON you PRON like VERB ( PUNCT « PUNCT poetic ADJ licence NOUN » PUNCT means VERB a DET writer NOUN may AUX change VERB facts NOUN or CCONJ rules NOUN for ADP effect NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 freedom freedom NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean obj 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 freedom acl 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 say cc 9 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean conj 10 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 say obj 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 like nsubj 12 like like VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 what acl:relcl 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 means punct 14 « « PUNCT _ 16 licence punct 15 poetic poetic ADJ Degree=Pos 16 licence amod 16 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 18 means nsubj 17 » » PUNCT _ 16 licence punct 18 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 like parataxis 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 writer det 20 writer writer NOUN Number=Sing 22 change nsubj 21 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 22 change aux 22 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 means ccomp 23 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 22 change obj 24 or or CCONJ _ 25 rules cc 25 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 23 facts conj 26 for for ADP _ 27 effect case 27 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing 22 change obl 28 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 means punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Licence freedom vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Topic 2 do to-infinitive Licence not said here freedom not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 say speech: assert infinitive Licence not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic 4 like present you vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 5 mean present poetic licence vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 6 change may a writer facts or rules for effect vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent fact=Theme for effect=Co-Theme
Example 1 Mum showed her driving licence to the police officer.
nsubj iobj xcomp obj case det compound obl punct root Mum NOUN showed VERB her PRON driving VERB licence NOUN to ADP the DET police NOUN officer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 showed nsubj 2 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 showed iobj 4 driving drive VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 showed xcomp 5 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 4 driving obj 6 to to ADP _ 9 officer case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 officer det 8 police police NOUN Number=Sing 9 officer compound 9 officer officer NOUN Number=Sing 4 driving obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Mum her = she vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic 2 drive gerund Mum not said here licence the police officer vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent licence=Theme to officer=Trajectory
Example 2 You need a licence to fish in this river.
nsubj det obj mark acl case det obl punct root You PRON need VERB a DET licence NOUN to PART fish VERB in ADP this DET river NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 need nsubj 2 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 licence det 4 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 2 need obj 5 to to PART _ 6 fish mark 6 fish fish VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 licence acl 7 in in ADP _ 9 river case 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 river det 9 river river NOUN Number=Sing 6 fish obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present You a licence vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot licence=Theme 2 fish to-infinitive You not said here a licence not said here this river vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in river=Location
Example 3 In the UK, families pay for a TV licence.
case det obl punct nsubj case det compound obl punct root In ADP the DET UK PROPN , PUNCT families NOUN pay VERB for ADP a DET TV NOUN licence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 UK case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 UK det 3 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 6 pay obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 UK punct 5 families family NOUN Number=Plur 6 pay nsubj 6 pay pay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 for for ADP _ 10 licence case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 licence det 9 TV TV NOUN Number=Sing 10 licence compound 10 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 6 pay obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 pay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pay present families the UK for a TV licence vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for licence=Theme
Example 4 Dad lost his licence for speeding.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root Dad NOUN lost VERB his PRON licence NOUN for ADP speeding NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 lost nsubj 2 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 licence nmod:poss 4 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 2 lost obj 5 for for ADP _ 6 speeding case 6 speeding speeding NOUN Number=Sing 2 lost obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose past Dad Dad's licence for speeding vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent licence=Eventuality 2 licence Dad nom licence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The café has a licence to sell food on the beach.
det nsubj det obj mark acl obj case det obl punct root The DET café NOUN has VERB a DET licence NOUN to PART sell VERB food NOUN on ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 café det 2 café café NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 licence det 5 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 6 to to PART _ 7 sell mark 7 sell sell VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 licence acl 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing 7 sell obj 9 on on ADP _ 11 beach case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 beach det 11 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 7 sell obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the café a licence vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent licence=Patient 2 sell to-infinitive the café not said here food the beach vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent food=Theme on beach=Asset
Example 6 The writer used poetic licence and made the castle taller.
det nsubj amod obj cc conj det obj xcomp punct root The DET writer NOUN used VERB poetic ADJ licence NOUN and CCONJ made VERB the DET castle NOUN taller ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 writer det 2 writer writer NOUN Number=Sing 3 used nsubj 3 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 poetic poetic ADJ Degree=Pos 5 licence amod 5 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 made cc 7 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 used conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 castle det 9 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 7 made obj 10 taller tall ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 made xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past the writer poetic licence vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent licence=Patient 2 make past the writer not said here the castle tall property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset castle=Product
Example 7 My big brother just got his learner's licence.
nmod:poss amod nsubj advmod nmod:poss nmod:poss case obj punct root My PRON big ADJ brother NOUN just ADV got VERB his PRON learner NOUN 's PART licence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 brother nmod:poss 2 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 3 brother amod 3 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 5 got nsubj 4 just just ADV _ 5 got advmod 5 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 learner nmod:poss 7 learner learner NOUN Number=Sing 9 licence nmod:poss 8 's 's PART _ 7 learner case 9 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 5 got obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past My big brother brother's learner's licence vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer licence=Stimulus 2 licence brother's learner nom licence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 The shop's licence is on the wall.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop case det punct root The DET shop NOUN 's PART licence NOUN is AUX on ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 4 licence nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 shop case 4 licence licence NOUN Number=Sing 8 wall nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 wall cop 6 on on ADP _ 8 wall case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 wall det 8 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 wall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the shop's licence the wall tree rules 2 licence the shop nom licence «state transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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